Grafting polystyrene with various graft densities through epoxy groups of graphene nanolayers via atom transfer radical polymerization

Abstract

A double bond and amine group containing chemical (OD) was synthesized by coupling reaction of ethylenediamine and 3‐(chlorodimethylsilyl)propyl methacrylate. Subsequently, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with OD in different densities via ring opening of its epoxy groups. The graphene containing double bond (GOD) was incorporated into polystyrene (PS) chains by a grafting through atom transfer radical polymerization. Grafting of OD at the surface of GO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The interlayer spacing of the graphenes was evaluated by X‐ray diffraction. Molecular weight and PDI values of the free and attached PS chains were studied by size exclusion chromatography. TGA was also used to study the degradation points, char values, and grafting ratios. Relaxation of PS chains in the presence of graphene layers was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies show that flat graphene layers are wrinkled during oxidation and functionalization processes. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2450–2458, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Incorporation of epoxy resin and graphene nanolayers into silica xerogel network: an insight into thermal improvement of resin

“…8a, G shows higher thermal stability and its char content reaches to 90.5 % at 700°C. Maximum mass loss for GO was observed in 150-220°C, because the most of labile oxygen-containing groups at the surface or edge of GO decomposed and formed CO and CO 2 steams [61,62]. Thermal decomposition of oxygen-containing groups with higher thermal stabilities was observed at temperatures between 230 and 700°C [63].…”

Preparation of Furfuryl Alcohol‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotube and Epoxidized Novolac Resin Composites with High Char Yield

“…In addition, appearance of additional peak at 1,735 cm 21 in CNTFA spectrum is a confirmation for successful esterification reaction between furfuryl alcohol and carboxylic acid groups of CNTCOOH. Intensification of the C-H stretching vibration at 2,914 and 2,858 cm 21 is another evidence of successful CNTCOOH functionalization with furfuryl alcohol [28][29][30]. Also, appearance of a new signal at 1,095 cm 21 results from ether linkage of furfuryl alcohol.…”

Modification of graphene with silica nanoparticles for use in hybrid network formation from epoxy, novolac, and epoxidized novolac resins by sol-gel method: Investigation of thermal properties

“…Some mass loss in below 100°C is observed for GO, which is due to the loss of absorbed water. GO lost most of its mass in 150-220°C due to decomposition of oxygen-containing functional groups accompanied by the formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide vapors [49,50]. Oxygen functionalities of GO with higher thermal stabilities decomposed in 230-320°C [51].…”