Configurable Organic Charge Carriers toward Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics

Abstract

Due to their solution processability and unique photoelectric characteristics, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown considerable promise in the area of renewable energy. Although their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has risen from 3.8% to 25.7% in only a few years, their short lifetime and high material prices continue to be key roadblocks to commercial viability. Charge transporting materials (CTMs), such as hole/electron transporting materials, are critical components in PSCs because they not only govern hole or electron extraction and transporting from the perovskite layer to the electrodes but also protect the perovskite from direct contact with the ambient environment. CTMs are split into two types: inorganic CTMs (ICTMs) and organic CTMs (OCTMs). Because of their inexpensive prices, well-adjusted energy levels, and low temperature solution-processed features, OCTMs have been more frequently explored and employed than ICTMs. Various forms of OCTMs with more straightforward synthetic pathways and better performance have been thoroughly researched. Recent achievements in the development of OCTMs will be discussed and evaluated on a molecular level in this study, which will include a systematic categorization of OCTMs based on molecular functionalization techniques. In order to achieve highly efficient and stable PSCs, we will present insights on the structure–property relationship in the design of OCTMs as well as device stability. We hope that this analysis will serve as a comprehensive reference to molecular design guidelines for various types of OCTMs, spurring greater research toward designing highly efficient and OCTMs for stable PSCs.

Solvent bath annealing-induced liquid phase Ostwald ripening enabling efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

“…Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites have attracted signicant attention due to their high absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, tunable band gap, easy fabrication and high compatibility with exible devices. 1,2 The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has exceeded 25%, demonstrating their bright prospects as next generation low-cost photovoltaics. [3][4][5][6] The PCE and stability performance of PSCs are strongly related to the morphology and optoelectronic properties of perovskite lms, which heavily depend on the fabrication process.…”

Robust electron transport layers of SnO2 for efficient perovskite solar cells: recent advances and perspectives

“…50 (V) Excellent chemical stability, UV resistance, good antireflection, and less photocatalytic activity, which are helpful for overall device stability and lifespan. 51…”

One-Year Water-Stable and Porous Bi(III) Halide Semiconductor with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Performance

“…Hybrid halide perovskite semiconductors with general formula AMX 3 (A = CH 3 NH 3 + (MA), HC­(NH 2 ) 2 + (FA), Cs + ; M = Ge 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ ; X = Cl – , Br – , I – ), , have proven to be prominent candidates for many applications, spanning from solar cells , and LEDs , to photodetection, thermography, photocatalysis, and lasing . Their organic–inorganic nature offers multiple nodes for tuning not only the optoelectronic − but also the mechanical properties of the corresponding compounds. , Despite advances in materials engineering pertaining to the use of elaborate organic counter-cations that render these semiconductors air- and water-stable, a permanent solution remains elusive. − Toward this end, we recently developed a strategy that gave rise to metal halide semiconductors with record water stability (more than a year) using molecular cages acting as structure-directing agents and counter-cations. The corresponding compound belongs to a new family of materials, namely, porous metal halide semiconductors (PMHS) .…”