The main objective of this article is the study of the chronicle Orbe Serafico Novo Brazilico, by the Franciscan Friar Antonio Maria Jaboatão. The article attempts to study the ways in which the chronicle's textual organization contributes towards a 'Franciscanization' of Brazil, at a time when the Society of Jesus, having been expelled from Portugal in 1759, found itself in a very difficult situation. Even though the idea of a "Franciscan World" has its roots in much older models, Friar Jaboatao's chronicle presents a model of evangelization different from that of the Society of Jesus. He emphasizes the territorial dimension by creating a "geography" of Franciscan churches and convents, thus symbolically appropriating the Brazilian territory.