Cone calorimetric study of copper-promoted smoke suppression and fire retardance of poly(vinyl chloride)

Probing synergism, antagonism, and additive effects in poly(vinyl ester) (PVE) composites with fire retardants

“…Reductive coupling promotes intermolecular cross-linking of conjugated polyenes produced during the initial stages of degradation otherwise these polyenes could undergo cyclization reactions leading to the formation of benzene and other aromatics, which would burn to produce heat and smoke. A similar stabilizing effect on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) using copper (I) salts (CuCl, CuBr, and CuI) and Cu (II) complexes has been reported [26,28].…”

Influence of Cu2+‐organic montmorillonites on thermal decomposition and smoke emission of poly(vinyl chloride) by cone calorimetric study

“…It has been proved that most metal compounds, in particular, transition metal compounds, such as copper, molybdenum and, iron compounds, are the most effective smoke retarders [3][4][5][6]. Two mechanisms at the molecular level, ''reductive coupling'' and ''Lewis acid'', are used to explain the crosslinking reaction between PVC molecules [7][8][9][10]. Our previous research work on the flame retardancy, smoke emission, and thermal degradation of PVC with transition metal oxides has been reported [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…All research results showed that copper compounds are the most effective smoke suppressants. Starnes and Pike [10] have recently studied the effects of a variety of copper-containing compounds on the smoke suppression and flame retardancy of PVC. Their experimental results showed that mixtures of Cu 3 (MoO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 and CuSnO 3 have strong synergism for smoke suppression, based on smoke parameters.…”

Nanostructured layered copper hydroxy dodecyl sulfate: A potential fire retardant for poly(vinyl ester) (PVE)

“…Metallic copper (Cu), generated from copper (I) salts (CuCl, CuBr, and CuI) and Cu (II) complexes during pyrolysis, has been reported [36] and [37] to have a stabilizing effect on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), by catalyzing intermolecular cross-linking of conjugated polyenes produced during the initial stages of degradation. Otherwise, these polyenes could undergo cyclization reactions leading to the formation of benzene and other aromatics, which would burn to produce heat and smoke.…”