Conduites dangereuses et « jeux » dangereux à l'école

Abstract

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“Brincadeira do desmaio”: uma nova moda mortal entre crianças e adolescentes. Características psicofisiológicas, comportamentais e epidemiologia dos ‘jogos de asfixia’

“…These asphyxial activities are practiced with the aim of experiencing fleeting euphoric sensations caused by hypoxia (reduced concentration of oxygen in the blood), such as visual and/or auditory hallucinations and bodily synaesthesia (the sensation of floating or falling), a 'sensory seism' 13 resulting from the effects of loss of consciousness caused by fainting 13,14 . These self-asphyxial behaviors were observed in children from a very early age (four years old) to young adults 1,6,12,15 . Among young adults, these behaviors are mostly related to hypoxyphilia -the restriction of oxygen to the brain associated with sexual pleasure 16,17 .…”

“…Although these dangerous practices are disguised by a playful nature, they are violent, can cause dependence 18 and are potentially fatal. Therefore, these behaviors should not be considered simple 'games' and experts have advised against using this term 6,10 . Because with these risk behaviors there is no intersubjective exchange either with peers or with adults 6 , preference should be given to terms such as activity, practice, conduct or behavior.…”

“…Therefore, these behaviors should not be considered simple 'games' and experts have advised against using this term 6,10 . Because with these risk behaviors there is no intersubjective exchange either with peers or with adults 6 , preference should be given to terms such as activity, practice, conduct or behavior. This is why, in this paper, the term 'game' is used with single quotation marks when referring to self-asphyxial behaviors.…”

“…'Asphyxial games' involve a variety of techniques that become progressively more complex and dangerous, a fact that is generally camouflaged by the alleged playful and above all social nature of these activities 5,6 . Younger children (in pre-school or primary school) start with simple apneal behaviors, whereas older children and adolescents engage in more dangerous fainting techniques such as compression of the carotid arteries or the rib cage.…”

“…The games involving apnea and asphyxia are risk behaviors that meet one of the three categories of 'dangerous games': 'non-oxygenation games' , 'physical aggression games' and 'challenge games' , mainly via the internet 5,6 . These non-oxygenation practices caused by asphyxia are not new and the first lethal 'games' were recorded in France and England 7 in the 1950s.…”