Conductivity mechanism analysis at high temperature in bismuth titanate: A single crystal with sillenite-type structure

Abstract

Conductivity behavior of the Bi12TiO20 single crystal was investigated by the electric modulus spectroscopy, which was carried out in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 13 MHz and at temperatures higher than 400 °C. The resistance curve exhibits a set of properties correlated to a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. In the temperature range investigated, the characteristic parameter (β) of the thermistor is equal to 4834 °C. Temperature coefficients of the resistance (α) were derived being equal to −3.02×10−2°C−1 at 400 °C and equal to −9.86×10−3°C−1 at 700 °C. The nature of the electric relaxation phenomenon and magnitude dc conductivity are approached.

Impedance analysis of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 ceramic

“…The dc conductivity plot follows the Arrhenius law, which shows two linear regions with different slopes and different values of activation energy (≤425 • C) and high temperature (≥425 • C) being equal to 1. The compounds exhibit negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR behavior) [22][23][24], and the most accepted relation between resistance and temperature for NTCR behavior can be expressed by the following equation:…”

Synthesis and Properties of Homogeneous Nb‐Doped Bismuth Oxide

“…To overcome this problem, several oxides were doped into Bi 2 O 3 to reserve the fluorite structure to room temperature 2–12 . These oxides, e.g.…”

“…1 To overcome this problem, several oxides were doped into Bi 2 O 3 to reserve the fluorite structure to room temperature. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] These oxides, e.g. Y 2 O 3 and CaO, were chosen due to some favorable considerations, such as matched ionic radius, low valence state, etc.…”

Zr-substituted SnO2-based NTC thermistors with wide application temperature range and high property stability

“…The peak frequency mismatch between M 00 /M 00 max and Z 00 /Z 00 max is an evidence of short-range conduction (i.e. hopping conduction) [36]. The M 00 /M 00 max tending to zero at low frequency range suggests a negligible or absent electrode polarization phenomenon.…”