The
apparent cathodic current on the Ti surface in acidic solution
is composed of three reactions: the reductions of the oxide film,
H+, and O2. However, classical electrochemical
tests usually provide coupled multi-reaction currents. Furthermore,
dissolved oxygen makes in situ measurements significant due to the
thermodynamic instability of Ti. In this study, the effects of pre-reduction
and dissolved oxygen on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics
on the Ti surface were investigated by electrochemical and composition
characterizations. The HER current was quantitatively separated from
the apparent cathodic current from Ti, including the reductions of
the oxide film, H+, and O2 by scanning electrochemical
microscopy. The HER transfer coefficient and standard rate constant
for Ti spontaneously passivated in air (P-Ti) are both 0.48/4.9 ×
10–12 cm/s in aerated and O2-saturated
solutions, while those for Ti activated by electro-reduction (EA-Ti)
are 0.25/3.6 × 10–7 cm/s and 0.25/3.1 ×
10–7 cm/s, respectively. The variable HER behavior
is caused by the changes in the film electronic structure and composition
except for the competition reduction between O2 and H+ as indicated by Mott–Schottky and surface-enhanced
Raman spectroscopy. The deviation from 0.5 in the transfer coefficient
implies that the Tafel slope and HER mechanism should be analyzed
with caution.