Conductive carbon nanofiber interpenetrated graphene architecture for ultra-stable sodium ion battery

Abstract

Long-term stability and high-rate capability have been the major challenges of sodium-ion batteries. Layered electroactive materials with mechanically robust, chemically stable, electrically and ironically conductive networks can effectively address these issues. Herein we have successfully directed carbon nanofibers to vertically penetrate through graphene sheets, constructing robust carbon nanofiber interpenetrated graphene architecture. Molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes are then grown in situ alongside the entire framework, yielding molybdenum disulfide@carbon nanofiber interpenetrated graphene structure. In such a design, carbon nanofibers prevent the restacking of graphene sheets and provide ample space between graphene sheets, enabling a strong structure that maintains exceptional mechanical integrity and excellent electrical conductivity. The as-prepared sodium ion battery delivers outstanding electrochemical performance and ultrahigh stability, achieving a remarkable specific capacity of 598 mAh g −1 , long-term cycling stability up to 1000 cycles, and an excellent rate performance even at a high current density up to 10 A g −1 .

State-of-the-Art Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…At 1 A•g −1 , the capacity was still 412 mA•h•g −1 in the 1000th cycle, which corresponds to a capacity retention of 86.2% based on its initial specific capacity (478 mA•h•g −1 ) in the 2nd cycle. The rate capability was also remarkable, with a capacity of 366 mA•h•g −1 achieved at 5 A•g −1 after 1000 cycles, achieving capacity retention of 86.9% [305].…”

A review of smart electrospun fibers toward textiles

“…Nano fibrous mats, which have unique larger specific surface area, higher porosity and more flexibility, to a certain extent, can serve as a man-made skin against external harsh environment. Electrospinning provide a facile way to produce nanofibers with a broad selection of materials from inorganic to organic matters [ 175 , 176 ]. And the combination of electrospinning technology and smart materials open a new window for the fabrication of smart fibers and their innovative applications in drug release system, actuator, self-powered matters, wearable electronic devices, human motion monitors and sensors.…”

Molybdenum Disulfide Based Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Batteries

“…Recently, Liu et al. in situ grew MoS 2 nanoflasks on a 3D conductive CNF interpenetrated graphene (CNFIG) architecture, producing an MoS 2 @CNFIG hybrid as a freestanding anode for SIBs . As shown in Figure g, the CNFIG framework offers ultra‐stable channels and functions as the supporting pillars between carbon layers, facilitating efficient pathways for rapid penetration of electrolyte and fast transfer of sodium ions.…”