Conducting polymers with defined micro- or nanostructures for drug delivery

Uppalapati, Dedeepya; Boyd, Ben J.; Garg, Sanjay; Travaš-Sejdić, Jadranka; Svirskis, Darren

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.021

Cited by 97 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…When the PPy-sβ-CD is oxidised, the positively charged backbone will exert repulsive forces on the included DA and these seem to be sufficiently strong to release DA from the cavity. While many of the recent publications [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have focused on increasing the polymer surface area to give higher release rates, these results show that the nature of the dopant is equally important. Furthermore, the applied release potentials used in this study are very low at 0.10 V vs SCE and these can be easily reached without the application of an external potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…While an increase in polymer thickness generally gives rise to an increase in the concentration of the drug released, thicker polymer films tend to become less electroactive. More recent attempts to increase the loading and concentration of the drug, include increasing the surface area of the polymer [8] by forming various polymer nanostructures [9,10], polymer nanoparticles/particles [11][12][13] or nanowires [14], fibres [15,16], nanotubes [17] and reservoirs that can be used to load the drug [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The incorporation and controlled release of dopamine from a sulfonated β–cyclodextrin–doped conducting polymer

Hendy

Breslin

2019

J Polym Res

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Pyrrole was electropolymerised in the presence of sulfonated β-cyclodextrin to give a conducting polypyrrole film doped with the anionic cyclodextrin, PPy-sβ-CD. On reduction of the polymer film at −0.80 V vs SCE, high concentrations of dopamine (DA) were incorporated and the DA was subsequently released at a potential of 0.10 V vs SCE. Much higher levels of DA were incorporated and released at PPy-sβ-CD compared to polypyrrole films doped with smaller anions and doped with the larger para-toluene sulfonic acid. In addition to releasing higher concentrations of DA, the DA was less prone to oxidation and degradation in the presence of the sulfonated β-cyclodextrin. This was attributed to the formation of an inclusion complex between the protonated DA molecule and the anionic CD. The higher release rates were explained in terms of the immobile nature of the large CD and the high charge density with approximately 9 sulfonated groups attached to the rim of the CD cavity, which facilitated the uptake of high levels of DA. Approximately 6.0 μmol cm −2 of DA was released at 0.10 V vs SCE over 60 min on reducing the PPy-sβ-CD film for 30 min at −0.80 V vs SCE. Higher levels of 9.6 μmol cm −2 were obtained on increasing the reduction period to 60 min, while levels of 14.0 μmol cm −2 were achieved with thicker polymer films.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The incorporation and controlled release of dopamine from a sulfonated β–cyclodextrin–doped conducting polymer

Hendy

Breslin

2019

J Polym Res

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“…Responsive materials which can be triggered by electrical stimulation offer the advantages of delivery of the drug. Being a promising candidate for triggered drug delivery conducting polymers (CPs) could be used in drug delivery exploiting its property when an alteration of the redox state of CPs, there are escorted changes to the charge, volume, molecular permeability, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance on alteration of its redox state . These changes can be exploited to tune the release rate of drugs.…”

Section: Stimuli Responsive Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being a promising candidate for triggered drug delivery conducting polymers (CPs) could be used in drug delivery exploiting its property when an alteration of the redox state of CPs, there are escorted changes to the charge, volume, molecular permeability, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance on alteration of its redox state. [136] These changes can be exploited to tune the release rate of drugs. Redox-responsive drug carriers can be designed and fabricated through chemical crosslinking, solvent evaporation method, mini-emulsion technique, microfluidic fabrication technique, layer-by-layer self-assembling, sono-chemical method, and so on.…”

Section: Redox Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymers and Their Composites for Drug Delivery: A Brief Review

Gopi

Amalraj²,

Sukumaran³

et al. 2018

Macromolecular Symposia

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In recent years, excipient development has become a core area of research in pharmaceutical drug delivery because it influences the formulation development and drug delivery process in various ways. Polymeric drug delivery systems have been of great interest for controlled delivery as they show the great advantage in drug delivery systems because of optimized drug loading and releasing property. Then, the side effects of synthetic polymers far exceed that it leads to some difficulties like they impose dose reduction, treatment delay, or the given therapy is not continuous. With this in mind and together with the need for a protective delivery system for drugs, natural polymeric substances such as biopolymers and their composites are the choice of research as excipient because of their low toxicity, biodegradability, stability, and renewable nature. Furthermore, they have a wide variety of structures, different physiological functions and may provide a variety of biomedical applications, owing to their distinctive properties. The present brief review explores the concept of excipient delivery and the recent advances in both the biopolymers and the methods in the pharmaceutical drug delivery systems.

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“…Conducting polymer nanomaterials with various advantages, such as easy preparation, cost effectiveness, and biocompatibility, have been highlighted in many applications, such as transparent electrodes, antistatic coatings, electromagnetic shielding materials, light emitting devices, batteries, photovoltaics, and sensors [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . For example, nanoscale materials prepared from polypyrrole (PPY), polyaniline, and polythiophene and their derivatives have been extensively used for diverse purposes [16][17][18][19][20][21] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Conducting Polymer Nanotube-based Liquid-Ion Gated Field-Effect Transistor Aptasensor for Dopamine Exocytosis

Park

Seo

Kim

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In this study, ultrasensitive and precise detection of a representative brain hormone, dopamine (DA), was demonstrated using functional conducting polymer nanotubes modified with aptamers. A high-performance aptasensor was composed of interdigitated microelectrodes (IMEs), carboxylated polypyrrole nanotubes (CPNTs) and DA-specific aptamers. The biosensors were constructed by sequential conjugation of CPNTs and aptamer molecules on the IMEs, and the substrate was integrated into a liquid-ion gating system surrounded by pH 7.4 buffer as an electrolyte. To confirm DA exocytosis based on aptasensors, DA sensitivity and selectivity were monitored using liquid-ion gated field-effect transistors (FETs). The minimum detection level (MDL; 100 pM) of the aptasensors was determined, and their MDL was optimized by controlling the diameter of the CPNTs owing to their different capacities for aptamer introduction. The MDL of CPNT aptasensors is sufficient for discriminating between healthy and unhealthy individuals because the total DA concentration in the blood of normal person is generally determined to be ca. 0.5 to 6.2 ng/mL (3.9 to 40.5 nM) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (this information was obtained from a guidebook "Evidence-Based Medicine 2018 SCL " which was published by Seoul Clinical Laboratory). The CPNTs with the smaller diameters (CPNT2: ca. 120 nm) showed 100 times higher sensitivity and selectivity than the wider CPNTs (CPNT1: ca. 200 nm). Moreover, the aptasensors based on CPNTs had excellent DA discrimination in the presence of various neurotransmitters. Based on the excellent sensing properties of these aptasensors, the DA levels of exogeneous DA samples that were prepared from PC12 cells by a DA release assay were successfully measured by DA kits, and the aptasensor sensing properties were compared to those of standard DA reagents. Finally, the real-time response values to the various exogeneous DA release levels were similar to those of a standard DA aptasensor. Therefore, CPNT-based aptasensors provide efficient and rapid DA screening for neuron-mediated genetic diseases such as Parkinson's disease.Materials. Pyrrole (Py, 98%) and pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (Py-COOH, 95%) were purchased from the Aldrich and Acros Organics. A surfactant, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate (AOT, 98%) and hexane (98%) were also purchased from the Aldrich. The conjugation reagent, 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)−4methyl-morpholinium chloride (DMT-MM, 96%) was purchased from Aldrich. The aptamer was purchased from Bioneer. Inc. Fabrication of carboxylated polypyrrole nanotubes (CPNTs).CPNTs with different diameters (ca. 120 and 200 nm) were prepared by benchmarks in our previous works 51 . A surfactant, AOT (15 mmol), was dissolved in hexane (40 mL), and the solution was stirred for 30 minutes to reach equilibrium. Subsequently, aqueous FeCl 3 solution (7 M, 1 mL) was introduced into the AOT/hexane solution to generate reverse-cylindrical micelles containing iron cations 55 . Finally, a pyrrole (Py)...

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Conducting polymers with defined micro- or nanostructures for drug delivery

Cited by 97 publications

References 142 publications

The incorporation and controlled release of dopamine from a sulfonated β–cyclodextrin–doped conducting polymer

The incorporation and controlled release of dopamine from a sulfonated β–cyclodextrin–doped conducting polymer

Biopolymers and Their Composites for Drug Delivery: A Brief Review

High-Performance Conducting Polymer Nanotube-based Liquid-Ion Gated Field-Effect Transistor Aptasensor for Dopamine Exocytosis

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