Conducting polymers—thirteen years of Polyacetylene Doping

Abstract

The insulator‐to‐metal transition, doping, the mechanism of conductivity, solitons, and organic ferromagnets are among the topics covered in this overview of developments in conducting polymers. The materials are already in commercial use in, for example, batteries. Further possibilities are examined and the latest developments highlighted.

Molecular design of a π‐conjugated single‐chain electronically conductive polymer

“…To overcome this undesirable situation, two principal methods are explored. One method is to construct a system with interchain interaction 2, 3; the other is doping with appropriate electron‐donating or electron‐accepting atoms or molecules 4–6. One of the most exciting examples of the latter approach is the doping of polyacetylene with Br 2 , as conducted by Shirakawa et al 7.…”

Graphite, Carbonaceous Materials and Organic Solids as Active Electrodes in Metal‐Free Batteries

“…The intensive research in this field has been reviewed by Wegner [255], Skotheim [256], Heinze [40] and Evans [257]. ChemicaVpreparative aspects are reported by Naarmann [258], physical aspects by Roth and Filzmoser [259]. Polyacetylene (PA) is chemically synthesized by polymerization of acetylene in the presence of Ziegler -Natta or Luttinger catalysts, while the others can be obtained by chemical or anodic oxidation of aromatic or heterocyclic compounds.…”

Post‐Graphene 2D Chemistry: The Emerging Field of Molybdenum Disulfide and Black Phosphorus Functionalization

“…Thecommon feature of all single-layer 2D sheet polymers is their atomically thin structure.T hey exist only on surfaces or they are stabilized by physisorbed molecules or ionic liquids.T ransparency is combined with mechanical flexibility and optoelectronic activity.F urthermore,m any representatives,s uch as graphene and SL-MoS 2 ,a re very stable under ambient conditions.T he combination of av ery high charge carrier mobility, [26] good electrical conductivity,and an extraordinary high stability found in graphene is absent in all classical 1D conjugated polymers,that is,polyacetylenes. [27] In the latter systems,ahigh conductivity can only be accomplished after doping, [28] which on the other hand renders these materials rather unstable.A sac onsequence,a ne normous potential for exciting applications of 2D sheet polymers arises.Beyond this,combining the different material types in heterostructure assemblies can also be considered, which will be an almost unlimited playground for scientists and materials engineers. [29] Therequired materials engineering for acontrolled device production, however,i sa ssociated with av ariety of challenges.These include the large-scale production, solution and/ or melt processing, and the facile tuning of physical and materials properties.This is where chemistry comes into play.…”