Conducting polymers as infrared detectors

Davies, Claire L.; Petty, D. M.; Willis, M. R.

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(89)90603-6

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The NLO effects of pure C 60 films [163], C 60 blended in MEH-PPV thin films [214,215], C 60 mixed with PMMA films or sol-gel glasses [216±218], and C 60 covalently attached polystyrene (PS) chains (section`C 60 -containing polymers') in the solid state [219] have thus been investigated and compared with corresponding solution properties. While a higher threshold for optical limiting was observed for C 60 in the poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film than in the toluene solution [216±218], the optical-limiting effect of the polystyrene-bound C 60 film was found to be higher than a C 60 solution by a factor of 5 [219].…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In 1985, Kroto et al [130] discovered that buckminsterfullerene C 60 has a structure like a soccer-ball, consisting of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons facing symmetrically (Fig. 4).…”

Section: -Containing Polymers For Photovoltaic and Optical-limitmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…KEYWORDS: conjugated polymers; C 60 [1] demonstrated that the conductivity of polyacetylene can be increased by more than ten orders of magnitude upon doping with various electron acceptors or electron donors. This discovery generated considerable excitement, from which a new research field of conducting polymers (CPs) emerged.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9±12]. These properties make conjugated polymers, fullerene C 60 , carbon nanotubes and their derivatives very attractive for a wide range of potential applications, for example, in electronic and photonic devices [13]. The synthesis of processable materials and the microfabrication of them into useful structures are two key prerequisites for many of these applications, as discussed below.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3±5], and optical properties [6±8] due to the substantial pelectron delocalization along their backbones (Table 1). In recent years, buckminsterfullerene C 60 , carbon nanotubes and their derivatives have also been shown to possess interesting photonic, electronic, superconducting and magnetic properties because of their unusual molecular structures [e.g. 9±12].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Dai

1999

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In 1985, Kroto et al [130] discovered that buckminsterfullerene C 60 has a structure like a soccer-ball, consisting of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons facing symmetrically (Fig. 4).…”

Section: -Containing Polymers For Photovoltaic and Optical-limitmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Dai

1999

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Electrochemistry of conductive polymer X: Polyaniline‐based potentiometric sensor for dissolved oxygen

1991

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A platinum electrode coated with plyaniline (PA) was examined as a potentiometric or an optical .sensor for dissolved oxygen, and the results are reported. While the polymer-modified electrode behaved satisfactorily a s a potentiometric sensor, i Ls optical response (i.e., absorbance) gave a narrow linear region for varied oxygen concentrations. This conducting polymer-coated electrode was characterized to give approximately 97 mV/decade of the oxygen concentration and a voltage signal range of about 400 mV, representing at least three orders of magnitudes of dynamic linearity over the dissolved oxygen concentration. The potentiometric sensing electrode showed reasonably short response times, excellent reproducibility, and good stability. A detection limit of about 5 X lo-' mol/L of dissolved oxygen was estimated from the potentiometric response of PA-coated electrodes. ZNTRODUCTIONOxygen sensors have received a great deal of interest due to their importance in analyzing oxygen in industrial, environmental, and medical applications [ 1-41. Oxygen sensors can be classified broadly into three categories:( 1 ) a solid-state type operating normally at high temperatures [ 11, which includes solid electrolytes such as calciadoped zirconia and semiconductors such as titania or other metal oxides; ( 2 ) fluoroescence or phosphorescence sensors [2], which utilize the ability of oxygen to quench fluorescence or phosphorescence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such a s 9,lO-diphenylanthracene or pyrene derivatives; and ( 3 ) electrochemical sensors [3,4], which usually measure the faradaic current for oxygen reduction. The first two categories of sensors are suitable for quantitating oxygen in a gas mixture at various temperatures, while the electrochemical sensor is generally used for the dissolved oxygen analysis.The importance of analysis of dissolved oxygen in various liquids is well summarized by Hitchman To whom correspondence should be addressed. electrode (MPOE) [ 4 ], requires that both the ca'thode and anode be sealed by a membrane through which oxygen permeates and is reduced at the cathode. Thus, selection of materials for a membrane as well a s a working electrode constitutes a major problem for the Clark cell. Due to the irreversible nature of the oxygen reduction at almost any electrode, properly chosing the electrode material is very important. Gold is regarded a s the best electrode material because of its low adsorption of oxygen and of the high overpotential for the formation of its oxide [4]. The loss of electrolyte through the membrane is another problem. Kecently, silver has also been used as a cathode along with an Ag/AgCI anode/reference electrode [ 5 ] . Polyaniline (PA) has been studied extensively as one of conducting polymers due primarily to its straightforward preparation methods and the stabihy of its doped state under ambient experimental conditions [6-231. During the course of these studies, we [24-291 discovered that PA has four different oxidation states depending on the potenti...

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The Effect of Current Injection on Photoconduction in Organic Semiconductors and Insulators

Petty¹,

Willis²

1990

phys. stat. sol. (a)

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The effect is considered of current injection on photoconduction. A theory is described which suggests that the effect of current injection on photoconduction will be most important for thin film low conductivity photoconductors, at high electric fields and in which surface exciton dissociation occurs. An equation is derived which enables the prediction of the time, voltage, and intensity dependence of photoconduction. These predictions are compared with the characteristics of the organic photoconductor μ‐chloro‐phthalocyaninato‐aluminium, which are measured using a chopped light technique.

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Conducting polymers as infrared detectors

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

Electrochemistry of conductive polymer X: Polyaniline‐based potentiometric sensor for dissolved oxygen

The Effect of Current Injection on Photoconduction in Organic Semiconductors and Insulators

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