Conducting polymers as bio-mimetic multistep macromolecular sensors of working conditions: polyindole/polyvinyl alcohol hybrid film senses electrical and chemical working ambient

Abstract

Conducting polymers (CP) can be considered as model materials for designing motors sensing themselves while working without additional connectivity as they mimic the electrochemical reactions of biological muscles comprising macromolecular...

Reaction Induced Conformational Change in Polyindole: Polyindole/PVA Film as Biomimetic Sensors of Temperature and Electrical Energetic Conditions

“…This process was repeated on the singly coated film to produce a doubly coated PIN/PVA hybrid film. [25]…”

“…The first anodic peak at 0.24 mV represents the ejection of an electron from the polymer chain by the force generated by the applied potential that generates a π conjugated polaronic radical cationic structure. [25,36] The electronic energy level of the electron in the polymer chain was continuously changed by applying potential and the electron was ejected at its ionization potential which is a pH-independent process. The second anodic peak represents the complete oxidation of the polymer chain by the removal of the H + ion from the chain; a pHdependent process.…”

“…Then submitted to another three consecutive cycles within the same potential sweep at the scan rate of 50 mVs À 1 (control scan rate) to get the stable voltammetric response. The whole experiment was repeated for different scan rates with increased first and then decreased, that is from 10 mVs À 1 to 200 mVs À 1 then from 200 mVs À 1 to 10 mVs À 1 (10,25,50,75,100,125,150,175,200,200,175,150,125,100,75,50,25,10).…”

“…To validate this, we have studied the reactive sensing properties and the influence of chemical and physical working conditions on the cooperative actuation in PPy/chitosan films, [23] PANI/Chitosan films, [24] and PIN/PVA films. [25] The conformational movement of the reactive conducting polymers induced by the electrochemical reaction encourages the exchange of counter anions and solvent molecules with the electrolyte for charge neutrality and osmotic balance respectively. [25] Macroscopic structural changes like swelling, shrinking, and conformational relaxation also happen during the electrochemical reaction.…”

Flexible hybrid film of polypyrrole incorporated chitosan as a biomimetic multistep electrochemical sensor of working temperature: a potentiodynamic study

“…[33][34][35] The incorporation of a conducting polymer into a hydrogel synergizes the advantageous features of two relatively low-cost materials to obtain good conductivity, electroactivity (from the conducting polymer), good processability and mechanical strength (from the hydrogels). [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] This work is designed to investigate the inuence of the experimental thermal conditions on the reversible redox reactions (reaction extension) of a exible polypyrrole/chitosan hybrid lm fabricated through in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole on a chitosan lm using cyclic voltammetry, with particular emphasis on the reproducibility of the electroactivity. The attained results could describe how the muscular reactions of cold-blooded beings occur and are aware of the working thermal conditions.…”