Conducting memory formation

Szőnyi, András

doi:10.1126/science.aaz3883

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The rise of barley against stress (drought, cold, salt, and bird) to staple food has increased functional ingredients (especially GABA) in diet to prevent chronic diseases and promoted human civilization. GABA-mediated inhibitory interneurons control memory-encoding CA1 neurons; nucleus incertus (NI) establishes GABAergic inhibitory synapses on interneurons; NI GABAergic cells can regulate hippocampusdependent episodic memory formation bidirectionally, and its dysfunction may contribute to anxiety-like syndromes [219].…”

Section: Contribution Of Barley For Promoting Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases

Zeng

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Barley plays an important role in health and civilization of human migration from Africa to Asia, later to Eurasia. We demonstrated the systematic mechanism of functional ingredients in barley to combat chronic diseases, based on PubMed, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2020. Barley and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients to combat more than 20 chronic diseases, which include the 14 similar and 9 different chronic diseases between grains and grass, due to the major molecular mechanism of six functional ingredients of barley grass (GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan) and grains (β-glucans, polyphenols, arabinoxylan, phytosterols, tocols, and resistant starch). The antioxidant activity of barley grass and grain has the same and different functional components. These results support findings that barley grain and its grass are the best functional food, promoting ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations, and further show the depending functional ingredients for diet from Pliocene hominids in Africa and Neanderthals in Europe to modern humans in the world. This review paper not only reveals the formation and action mechanism of barley diet overcoming human chronic diseases, but also provides scientific basis for the development of health products and drugs for the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases.

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Section: Contribution Of Barley For Promoting Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases

Zeng

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The Aggression Circuitry in Animals

Haller

2020

Neurobiopsychosocial Perspectives on Aggression and Violence

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The Role of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Type 3 in Social Behavior, with a Focus on the Median Raphe Region

Fazekas,

Török,

Correia

et al. 2024

eNeuro

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Social behavior is important for our well-being, and its dysfunctions impact several pathological conditions. Although the involvement of glutamate is undeniable, the relevance of vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGluT3), a specific vesicular transporter, in the control of social behavior is not sufficiently explored. Since midbrain median raphe region (MRR) is implicated in social behavior and the nucleus contains high amount of VGluT3+ neurons, we compared the behavior of male VGluT3 knock-out (KO) and VGluT3-Cre mice, the latter after chemogenetic MRR-VGluT3 manipulation. Appropriate control groups were included. Behavioral test battery was used for social behavior (sociability, social discrimination, social interaction, resident intruder test) and possible confounding factors (open field, elevated plus maze, Y-maze tests). Neuronal activation was studied by c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Human relevance was confirmed by VGluT3 gene expression in relevant human brainstem areas. VGluT3 KO mice exhibited increased anxiety, social interest, but also aggressive behavior in anxiogenic environment and impaired social memory. For KO animals, social interaction induced lower cell activation in the anterior cingulate, infralimbic cortex, and medial septum. In turn, excitation of MRR-VGluT3+ neurons was anxiolytic. Inhibition increased social interest 24 h later but decreased mobility and social behavior in aggressive context. Chemogenetic activation increased the number of c-Fos+ neurons only in the MRR. We confirmed the increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired memory of VGluT3 KO strain and revealed increased, but inadequate, social behavior. MRR-VGluT3 neurons regulated mobility and social and anxiety-like behavior in a context-dependent manner. The presence of VGluT3 mRNA on corresponding human brain areas suggests clinical relevance.

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Conducting memory formation

Abstract: The nucleus incertus in the brainstem orchestrates the formation of contextual memories

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases

Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases

The Aggression Circuitry in Animals

The Role of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Type 3 in Social Behavior, with a Focus on the Median Raphe Region

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