Conducting interpenetrating polymer network sized to fabricate microactuators

Khaldi, Alexandre; Plesse, Cédric; Soyer, Caroline; Cattan, Éric; Vidal, Frédéric; Legrand, Christian; Teyssié, Dominique

doi:10.1063/1.3581893

Cited by 63 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1,2 CP actuators have been demonstrated comprising many different conducting polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) and dopants. [3][4][5][6] They have been fabricated in a variety of sizes, 7 from nano-and microscale 8,9 to centimeters scale 1,2 and in different configurations offering different kind of movements such as fibers or films producing linear movements, [10][11][12] bilayers and trilayers producing angular movements, 1,2,13 and as bulk material producing perpendicular expansion. [14][15][16] Polypyrrole (PPy) doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) is one of the most studied materials for actuators due to its good mechanical properties and the great volume changes occurring when the electrochemical reaction (1) occurs: 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Electrolyte Concentration and Substrate on Conducting Polymer Actuators

2014

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ABSTRACT:The effect of the electrolyte concentration (NaCl aqueous electrolyte) on the dimensional variations of films of polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulphonate PPy(DBS) on Pt and Au wires was studied. Any parallel reaction that occurs during the redox polymeric reaction that drives the mechanical actuation, as detected from the coulovoltammetric responses, was avoided by using Pt wires as substrate and controlling the potential limits, thus significantly increasing the actuator lifetime. The NaCl concentration of the electrolyte, when studied by cyclic voltammetry or chronoamperometry, has a strong effect on the performance as well. A maximum expansion was achieved in 0.3 M aqueous solution. The consumed oxidation and reduction charges control the fully reversible dimensional variations: PPy(DBS) films are faradaic polymeric motors. Parallel to the faradaic exchange of the cations, osmotic, electrophoretic, and structural changes play an important role for the water exchange and volume change of PPy(DBS).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Electrolyte Concentration and Substrate on Conducting Polymer Actuators

2014

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“…PPy has not only been used as the active material in large actuators [40], but also been micro-fabricated [41][42][43][44][45], amongst others, to drive a microrobotic arm [46]. Being a polymer, PPy is intrinsically light-weight (about 1.5 g/cm 3 [47]), thus easing the task of achieving quasi-neutral buoyancy of the whole microrobot.…”

Section: Selection Of Active Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propulsion of swimming microrobots inspired bymetachronal wavesin ciliates: from biology to material specifications

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The quest for swimming microrobots originates from possible applications in medicine, especially involving navigation in bodily fluids. Swimming microorganisms have become a source of inspiration because their propulsion mechanisms are effective in the low-Reynolds number regime. In this study, we address a propulsion mechanism inspired by metachronal waves, i.e. the spontaneous coordination of cilia leading to the fast swimming of ciliates. We analyze the biological mechanism (referring to its particular embodiment in Paramecium caudatum), and we investigate the contribution of its main features to the swimming performance, through a three-dimensional finiteelements (FE) model, in order to develop a simplified, yet effective artificial design. We propose a bioinspired propulsion mechanism for a swimming microrobot based on a continuous cylindrical electroactive surface exhibiting perpendicular wave deformations travelling longitudinally along its main axis. The simplified propulsion mechanism is conceived specifically for microrobots that embed a micro-actuation system capable of executing the bioinspired propulsion (self-propelled microrobots). Among the available electroactive polymers (EAPs), we select Polypyrrole (PPy) as the possible actuation material and we assess it for this particular embodiment. The results are used to appoint target performance specifications for the development of improved or new electroactive materials to attain metachronal-waves-like propulsion.Propulsion of swimming microrobots inspired by metachronal waves 2

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“…When a voltage is applied between the two faces of the device, one conjugated polymer layer is oxidized and the other is reduced, inducing opposite volume change created by ions of the two active layers causing the bending of the material ( Figure 1). Recently, these conjugated polymer trilayer actuators have been microfabricated using different techniques such as laser ablation [14] or photolithography combined with reactive ion etching [15]. These early microfabricated trilayer CP actuators employed relatively thick membranes, which limited the achieved deflection.…”

Section: Soft Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, flexible micromanipulators comprising polypyrrole trilayer microactuators

et al. 2015

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Within the areas of cell biology, biomedicine and minimal invasive surgery, there is a need for soft, flexible and dextrous biocompatible manipulators for handling biological objects, such as single cells and tissues. Present day technologies are based on simple suction using micropipettes for grasping objects. The micropipettes lack the possibility of accurate force control, nor are they soft and compliant and may thus cause damage to the cells or tissue. Other micromanipulators use conventional electric motors however the further miniaturization of electrical motors and their associated gear boxes and/or push/pull wires has reached its limits. Therefore there is an urgent need for new technologies for micromanipulation of soft biological matter. We are developing soft, flexible micromanipulators such as micro-tweezers for the handling and manipulation of biological species including cells and surgical tools for minimal invasive surgery. Our aim is to produce tools with minimal dimensions of 100 μm to 1 mm in size, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than existing technology. We present newly developed patterning and microfabrication methods for polymer microactuators as well as the latest results to integrate these microactuators into easy to use manipulation tools. The outcomes of this study contribute to the realisation of low-foot print devices articulated with electroactive polymer actuators for which the physical interface with the power source has been a significant challenge limiting their application. Here, we present a new bottom-up microfabrication process. We show for the first time that such a bottom-up fabricated actuator performs a movement in air. This is a significant step towards widening the application areas of the soft microactuators. ABSTRACTWithin the areas of cell biology, biomedicine and minimal invasive surgery, there is a need for soft, flexible and dextrous biocompatible manipulators for handling biological objects, such as single cells and tissues. Present day technologies are based on simple suction using micropipettes for grasping objects. The micropipettes lack the possibility of accurate force control, nor are they soft and compliant and may thus cause damage to the cells or tissue. Other micromanipulators use conventional electric motors however the further miniaturization of electrical motors and their associated gear boxes and/or push/pull wires has reached its limits. Therefore there is an urgent need for new technologies for micromanipulation of soft biological matter.We are developing soft, flexible micromanipulators such as micro-tweezers for the handling and manipulation of biological species including cells and surgical tools for minimal invasive surgery. Our aim is to produce tools with minimal dimensions of 100 μm to 1 mm in size, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than existing technology. We present newly developed patterning and microfabrication methods for polymer microactuators as well as the latest results to integrate these microactuators i...

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Conducting interpenetrating polymer network sized to fabricate microactuators

Cited by 63 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of the Electrolyte Concentration and Substrate on Conducting Polymer Actuators

Effect of the Electrolyte Concentration and Substrate on Conducting Polymer Actuators

Propulsion of swimming microrobots inspired bymetachronal wavesin ciliates: from biology to material specifications

Soft, flexible micromanipulators comprising polypyrrole trilayer microactuators

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