Conduct problems, gender and adult psychiatric outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Dalsgaard, Søren; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Frydenberg, Morten; Thomsen, Per Hove

doi:10.1192/bjp.181.5.416

Cited by 151 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…[35][36][37] Disorders of this kind are among the most common psychiatric conditions in younger children and are associated with a range of comorbid conditions, including learning difficulties. 35,37,38 To conclude, in a large general population sample of preschool children, the prevalence of impairment in gross motor skills was higher among obese male children than normal-weight male children, whereas the prevalence of impairment in the ability to focus attention was higher in obese female children than normal-weight female children. The findings suggest that gender-specific associations between overweight and impairment in specific aspects of developmental functioning are evident in this younger population.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Associations between obesity and developmental functioning in pre-school children: a population-based study

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine associations between obesity and impairment in developmental functioning in a general population sample of pre-school children. Method: Standardized medical examinations were conducted in nine consecutive cohorts of male and female children (n ¼ 9415) aged between 4.4 and 8.6 years (mean ¼ 6.0, s.d. ¼ 0.37) residing in the Lower Bavaria region of Germany. Tests designed to assess performance in subdivisions representing four broad developmental domains, namely, motor development, speech development, cognitive development and psycho-social development, were completed by all participants. Results: Boys had significantly higher rates of impairment than girls. The prevalence of obesity in boys was 2.4%, whereas in girls it was 4.3% (w 2 ¼ 21.51, Po 0.01). After controlling for age, gender, year of recruitment and other potential covariates, the prevalence of impairment in gross motor skills was higher among obese male children than normal-weight male children (adjusted odds ratio ¼ 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 1.02, 3.01, Po 0.05), whereas the prevalence of impairment in the ability to focus attention was higher in obese female children than normal-weight female children (adjusted odds ratio ¼ 1.86, 95% CI ¼ 1.00, 3.44, Po 0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that gender-specific associations between obesity and impairment in specific aspects of developmental functioning may be evident in younger children.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Associations between obesity and developmental functioning in pre-school children: a population-based study

et al. 2007

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“…Because a number of large prevalence studies have suggested that the male: female ratio of the disorder may be markedly lower than once believed, especially in adulthood (e.g., DuPaul et al, 2001;Kessler et al, 2005;Ramtekkar et al, 2010;Simon et al, 2009), research on ADHD in young women presents an urgent area of need (see also Gaub & Carlson, 1997;Gershon, 2002). Overall, girls with ADHD may be at particularly high risk for negative outcomes over time (see Babinski et al, 2011;Biederman et al, 2010Biederman et al, , 2012Chronis-Tuscano et al, 2010;Dalsgaard, Mortensen, Frydenberg, & Thomsen, 2002;Hinshaw et al, 2012).…”

Section: Adhd In Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Persistent is ADHD into Adulthood? Informant Report and Diagnostic Thresholds in a Female Sample

Guelzow

Loya

Hinshaw

2016

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Although the notion that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood is increasingly accepted, important diagnostic questions remain. Using a large (baseline proband n = 140, comparison n = 88) prospectively followed, ethnically diverse female sample, I examined the impacts of (a) informant (i.e., parent-vs. self-report) and (b) diagnostic symptom threshold (i.e., the DSM-IV 6/9 symptoms of inattention [IA] or hyperactivity/impulsivity [H/I] vs. a developmentally referenced criterion [DRC]) on estimates of ADHD persistence from childhood (age range 6-12) into young adulthood (mean age = 19.6 years). Further, I assessed and compared the predictive validity of ADHD status per each informant, as well as via the two different symptom cutoffs, on measures assessing functioning in a number of important domains (e.g., depression, academic achievement, global impairment).Separate 2 x 2 (Wave 1 diagnostic status x Wave 3 diagnostic status) chi-square analyses revealed that per parent report, significantly more probands (44%) than baseline comparison participants (1%) met full ADHD criteria (χ 2 [187] = 42.51, p< 0.001, φ = 0.47). Significantly more probands (22%) than comparisons (2%; χ 2 [209] = 15.97, p< 0.001, φ = 0.28) met full criteria via young adult self-report as well. Informant diagnostic concordance was significant, but of a small effect size (κ = .22). Using a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses and controlling for key covariates, parent-reported ADHD was found to be independently associated with poorer outcomes on eight of nine considered measures (|β|'s ranging from 0.18 to 0.61). Self-reported ADHD was independently associated only with lower math scores (|β| = .18).As in past research, the DRC was set at two SD above the comparison participants' mean symptom number, yielding a diagnostic threshold of 4/9 H/I and 5/9 IA symptoms. Via the DSM-IV cutoff, ADHD was estimated to persist in 55.9% of baseline probands; via the DRC, this estimate rose to 61.4%. One-way ANCOVA models were used to test mean differences on outcome measures for participants who met the DSM-IV threshold, those who only met the DRC ("DRC-only"), and those who met neither threshold. All models were significant (all Fs >6.50, all ps < .01). DRC-only participants endorsed poorer outcomes of large to very large effect sizes 2 across seven of the study's nine outcome measures, compared to participants who met neither cutoff. Further, DRC-only participants did not differ on any outcome measure from those who met the higher DSM-IV threshold.The present findings add to extant research in suggesting that (a) parent-report yields higher ADHD persistence estimates than young adult self-report and (b) parent-reported persistence remains a more potent predictor of young adult functioning than self-report. Findings also suggest that self-reported ADHD persistence rates may be higher in young adult females than in males, although this suggestion merits further investigation. Further, findings suggest th...

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“…They have -even when in pharmacological treatment -much worse long-term outcomes than others who are comparable in terms of age and gender (Dalsgaard et al (2002); Mannuzza and Klein (2000)) and also when compared to siblings without ADHD (Currie and Stabile (2006); Fletcher and Wolfe (2008)). And although a series of randomized controlled studies show that treatment with central nervous system stimulants 1 is effective in terms of reducing ADHD core symptoms and improving social behavior (van der Oord et al (2008)), most studies only have very short follow up periods of up to three years after randomization implying that we effectively know very little about the longer-run consequences of treating children pharmacologically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Consequences of ADHD medication use for children's outcomes

Dalsgaard

Nielsen

Simonsen

2014

Journal of Health Economics

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.IZA Discussion Paper No. 8208 May 2014 ABSTRACT Consequences of ADHD Medication Use forChildren's Outcomes * This paper estimates effects of early ADHD medication use on key human capital outcomes for children diagnosed with ADHD while using rarely available register based data on diagnoses and prescription drug purchases. Our main identification strategy exploits plausible exogenous assignment of children to hospitals with specialist physicians, while our analysis of health outcomes also allows for an individual level panel data strategy. We find that the behavior of specialist physicians varies considerably across hospitals and that the prescribing behavior does affect the probability that a given child is treated. Results show that children diagnosed with ADHD in pharmacological treatment have fewer hospital contacts if treated and that treatment to some extent protects against criminal behavior.JEL Classification: I11, I12

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Conduct problems, gender and adult psychiatric outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract: Girls with ADHD had a higher risk of adult psychiatric admission than boys. Conduct problems were also associated with a higher risk. Girls with ADHD with conduct problems had a very high risk of a psychiatric admission in adulthood.

Cited by 151 publications

References 19 publications

Associations between obesity and developmental functioning in pre-school children: a population-based study

Associations between obesity and developmental functioning in pre-school children: a population-based study

How Persistent is ADHD into Adulthood? Informant Report and Diagnostic Thresholds in a Female Sample

Consequences of ADHD medication use for children's outcomes

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