Condom and oral contraceptive use and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Australian women

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the association between condom use and oral contraceptive consumption and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Perth clinics. A total of 348 women responded to the structured questionnaire. Information sought included demographic and lifestyle characteristics such as the use of condom for contraception, consumption of oral contraceptive, and duration of oral contraceptive usage. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models and reported as estimates of the relative risk.ResultsThe prevalence of CIN was found to be 15.8%. The duration of oral contraceptive consumption among women with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear result indicating CIN was significantly shorter than those without abnormal Pap smear result (mean±SD, 5.6±5.2 years vs. 8.2±7.6 years; p=0.002). Comparing to ≤3 years usage, prolonged consumption of oral contraceptive for ≥10 years reduced the risk of CIN (p=0.012). However, use of condom for contraception might not be associated with a reduced risk of CIN after accounting for the effects of confounding factors (adjusted OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.05 to 5.11; p=0.577).ConclusionUse of oral contraceptives, but not condoms, for contraception appeared to be inversely associated with CIN. Prolonged use of oral contraceptive demonstrated its benefits of reducing the risk of CIN.

Duration of Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Cervical Cancer

“…Duration of each hormonal contraceptive usage still needs to be examined. 12 The number of active family planning participants from 2014 to 2016 showed an upward year-to-year trend. The percentage of active family planning participants who used hormonal contraceptives ranged from 81.58% to 81.97% (injectables, 47.54%; pills, 23.58%; implants, 10.46%).…”

Frequency of Cervical Intra-epithelial Neoplasia in Oral Contraceptive Pills Users in Zagazig University Hospitals

“…However, the World Health Organization did not recommend stopping the oral contraceptives use because it outweigh its risk [9] . Indeed, there is lack in evidence on the relationship between the use of oral contraceptive pills and the risk of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia [10] and therefore, the present study aims to investigate whether the use of combined oral contraceptive pills is associated with any risk or not.…”

Demographic and Clinical Study on Patients Referred to the National Cancer Research Center for Pap Smears

“…Over 35% of the cases had positive history of using oral contraceptive pills. Although earlier studies showed that there might be a significant correlation between abnormal Pap smear findings and hormonal contraception (19), yet a more recent Australian cross-sectional study documented that the duration of oral contraceptive use among women with Pap smear changes consistent with CIN was significantly shorter than those without abnormalities; indicating that oral contraceptives could be inversely associated with CIN (20). The value of Pap smears in detecting cellular abnormalities has been well documented in the literature as the most successful screening tool for cervical cancer; specifically when applied together with Colposcopy and HPV tests (3,(11)(12)(13)(14).…”