The present study was conducted to estimate the incidence, clinical findings, cytological and histopathological characteristics of spontaneously occurring skin neoplasms in dogs. A total of 40 grossly suspected cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors were gathered during the period from July 2016 to August 2018 from male and female dogs in Baghdad city. Dogs with skin neoplasia revealed various clinical signs, and their ages were older than 5 years to 15 years. German shepherd 30% followed by Terrier dogs 25% were more influenced than other breeds. Concerning tumor features, the majority of neoplasms had solitary lesion 70%, regular shapes 65% with black color 55%. The tumors frequently occurred on fore-limbs and abdomen, and 80% of them lasted for 1-6 months. Cytological examination was valuable for initial evaluation of benign and malignant tumors. Its results were confirmed by the histopathology, in which the majority of neoplasms sized more than 5 cm and grade I. Nine different types of skin neoplasms were recognized, while 65% of them were malignant, the others were benign. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinomas were the most common comprising 35% and 25%, respectively.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and ranked number two afterlung cancer in the world. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer accounts for22.9% among cancers in women in 2012.Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the dietary pattern particularly dairy productsconsumption and the role of lifestyle on women with breast cancer in Baghdad city and its suburbs.Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 women with breast cancer, as a case group,compared with a control group comprised of 100 healthy women. Demographic data were collectedfrom both groups. A food frequency questionnaire was used of 33 items of foods for reporting thedietary pattern and modes of life style of the participants. The statistical Chi-square test / SPSS V.22was used to analyze the data.Results: Our data show that 71% of the women in the two groups were found to be overweightwith body mass index (BMI 25-29.9). 90% of obese women represented in case group (BMI ≥30), while82% of normal weight women (BMI 18.5-24.9) were in control group. Approximately 61% of womenin both groups were in post-menopausal age. Intake of high fatty dairy products by the participantsshowed a statistically significant increase in breast cancer risk (OR=1.625, CIs 95%=0.686-3.847).Consumption of vegetables and fruits was significantly lower (P˂0.01) in case group than in the controlgroup. Furthermore, roughly 68% women in the case group used to smoke cigarettes. In addition, lackor decreased regular physical exercises (never with ≥1 practice per wk) was statistically significant(OR= 44. 809; CIs= 5.889 –340.963). Other parameters, including long period of breastfeeding, earlyage at first birth and consumption of white meat, beans and eggs were all reported to have significance.On the other hand, there was no correlation with the marital status, occupation, living area, class ofdairy products, and passive smoking.Conclusion: Unhealthy dietary habits especially high-fat dairy intake and wrong lifestyle may be riskfactors and predispose Iraqi women for breast cancer development. Therefore, eating healthy food andfollowing correct lifestyle are highly recommended as a suitable program for the prevention of breastcancer.

Tumours in pets occur naturally are as common in dogs as they are in humans. Tumours of the alimentary system have been reported in animals, although less frequently. Food patterns and specific diet components could have a big role in such tumour occurrence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical signs and inspect the neoplasm lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract grossly and histopathologically in dogs in Baghdad, Iraq, and to see whether pet diets had any tumourigenic effect. Throughout two years sixteen dogswere referred to Teaching Animal Hospital and private clinics at Baghdad city had masses in (GI) tract. Males and the large sizes breeds were more likely to be affected with GI tumours. Half of the cases aged 5-10 years and belonged to German Shepherd, while the other half involved the other breeds (i.e. Belgian Malinois, Labrador, Pointer GSP and Terrier) equally. Biopsies were taken from the tumour tissues for histological examination. Clinically, the animals presented general signs of digestive system abnormalities like difficulty defecating, bloody stool, lethargy and weight loss. Grossly, the tumours varied in their sizes from <3 cm to >5 cm in diameter, and the most frequent site of occurrence (10 out of 16 cases) was in the large intestine. Histologically, the most tumours reported were malignant, and included adenocarcinomas (6/16) followed by leiomyosarcoma (4/16), and 2/16 belonged to carcinoid tumour. However, lipoma and viral papilloma (4/16)   were also registered as the benign tumours. Inconclusion,tumours of canine digestive system do exist but rare. The healthy nutrition of dog may be prevent this type of tumour when dog consume  enough amount of raw meat, little of artificial food like kibble with small of some vegetables and fruits. Additionally, the information gained from dogs could be used to suspect and test the effect on humans as they have strong pathophysiology similarities

A cervical screening by Pap test is necessary in recognizing precancerous and cancerous cases to reduce mortality due to cervical cancer among women. Regular screening and follow up can make it easier to early diagnose and eventually, to treat and control cervical cancer.     This study aimed to detect atypical pathological changes of the vagina and uterine cervix of a sample of Iraqi women by macro- and micro-examination, and to determine the link with the demographic features. Also the study aimed to evaluate the two Pap smear techniques; the conventional and the base liquid methods.      The study included 50 women with genital health problems (18-50 years old) who were referred to the National Cancer Research Center (NCRC), the University of Baghdad, during the period from 1st April to 30st of September 2018. Both visual inspection of the uterine cervix and Papanicolaou smear were performed for all of the participants.      The results showed that most patient women (96%) were married and sexually active, with 51% being married under 20 years of age .Visual inspection of the cervix showed that 30% of the women had translucent, opaque or erosion lesions. Upon cytology examination, 92% of the women showed nonspecific inflammation, 70% revealed reactive squamous metaplasia, 10% had Koilocytotic atypia, and 8% suffered from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) or low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL). Contraception was used by 82% of the patients, while 36% used pills. The causes of the referral to the centre were abnormal vaginal discharge (44%) and post-coital bleeding "and\or" dyspareunia (20% each). Lastly, 74% of the participants did not make this test previously. Liquid-based cytology technique outperformed conventional pap smears because of improved fixation, decreased impurities factors, and standardization of cell transfer.     We conclude that routine screening and Pap smear testing for uterine cervix and vagina might be useful to prevent the occurrence of precancerous lesions in the genital system of sexually active women. We recommend to apply this test before and after treatment and to activate the cellular examination in the basal fluid method

This review was made to explore the recent multiple studies on enzootic bovine leukosis, focusing on its prevalence, economic impact, the link with public health and the possibility to cause cancer in humans. The causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis is a virus closely related to human T- cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1). The closeness between the two viruses helps the progress of cancer research in diagnosis and treatment, also the development of a vaccine in both human and veterinary medicine .The enzootic bovine leukosis is widely spread in the continents. The economic loses of enzootic bovine leukosis is related to the lowered productivity of effected cattle, morbidity, mortality and cost of control and eradication. This review proved that bovine leukemia virus is innocent from human cancer infection and there is no proof of virus living in human tissues. But this subject needs a lot of research to know the mechanism of the virus and its affects in cellular content of the organism.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and ranked number two afterlung cancer in the world. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer accounts for22.9% among cancers in women in 2012.Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the dietary pattern particularly dairy productsconsumption and the role of lifestyle on women with breast cancer in Baghdad city and its suburbs.Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 women with breast cancer, as a case group,compared with a control group comprised of 100 healthy women. Demographic data were collectedfrom both groups. A food frequency questionnaire was used of 33 items of foods for reporting thedietary pattern and modes of life style of the participants. The statistical Chi-square test / SPSS V.22was used to analyze the data.Results: Our data show that 71% of the women in the two groups were found to be overweightwith body mass index (BMI 25-29.9). 90% of obese women represented in case group (BMI ≥30), while82% of normal weight women (BMI 18.5-24.9) were in control group. Approximately 61% of womenin both groups were in post-menopausal age. Intake of high fatty dairy products by the participantsshowed a statistically significant increase in breast cancer risk (OR=1.625, CIs 95%=0.686-3.847).Consumption of vegetables and fruits was significantly lower (P˂0.01) in case group than in the controlgroup. Furthermore, roughly 68% women in the case group used to smoke cigarettes. In addition, lackor decreased regular physical exercises (never with ≥1 practice per wk) was statistically significant(OR= 44. 809; CIs= 5.889 –340.963). Other parameters, including long period of breastfeeding, earlyage at first birth and consumption of white meat, beans and eggs were all reported to have significance.On the other hand, there was no correlation with the marital status, occupation, living area, class ofdairy products, and passive smoking.Conclusion: Unhealthy dietary habits especially high-fat dairy intake and wrong lifestyle may be riskfactors and predispose Iraqi women for breast cancer development. Therefore, eating healthy food andfollowing correct lifestyle are highly recommended as a suitable program for the prevention of breastcancer.

The study evaluated the recovery performance of any home herbs group as first aid in some emergency cases. The study involved 10 items of herbs (chamomile, black pepper, cloves, cinnamon, and anise) which used in acute cases such as cold, colic, inflammation of the intestine and tonsillitis, and (hibiscus, catnip, dried lime, cress seed, and ginger) were used for chronic cases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and arthritis. The results showed the herbs had healing power and efficiency in the primary remedy for the above-mentioned diseases. The side effects, the contradictions, and the overdoses of these substances were discussed. It was concluded that home herbs could be used for treatment in emergency cases until modern medical assistance is obtained, if use is made within the limits of the permissible and recommended amounts by approved health organizations and departments.

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