Conditions that induce biofilm production byOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale

Abstract

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes respiratory disease in birds, and directly affects the poultry industry. The mechanisms behind these infections are not completely known. Currently, its capacity to form biofilms on inert surfaces has been reported; however, the conditions for biofilm development have not been described yet. The present work was aimed at identifying the conditions that enhance in vitro biofilm formation and development by ORT. For this, serovars A-E were analysed to assess their ability to induce biofilm development on 96-well flat-bottom polystyrene microtitre plates under diverse conditions: temperature, incubation time, and CO 2 concentration. The results obtained showed not only that all serovars have the ability to produce in vitro biofilms, but also that the optimal conditions for biofilm density were 40°C after 72 h at an elevated CO 2 concentration. In conclusion, ORT biofilm formation depends on the environmental conditions and may contribute to the persistence of this microorganism.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: An Update Review about An Emerging Poultry Pathogen

“…The ORT's pathogenesis severity is associated with the environments factors, biofilm formation, and synergism with others pathogens, contributing to the persistence of the microorganism (Figure 1) [49].…”

“…The ORT's pathogenesis severity is associated with the environments factors, biofilm formation, and synergism with others pathogens, contributing to the persistence of the microorganism ( Figure 1) [49]. The production (expression) of a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase have been described in ORT [50].…”

Adherence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale to chicken embryo lung cells as a pathogenic mechanism

“…To perform this, the bacterial concentration was adjusted to a 9 × 10 8 CFU/ml suspension in Todd-Hewitt (Becton, Dickinson & Co.) broth, which corresponds to the concentration used for the development of a biofilm (De la Rosa et al, 2015). Each well of the microplate contained confluent chicken lung cells and Vero cell lines were used as control (African green monkey kidney) (ATCC CCL-81, Invitro, Mexico City, Mexico) supplemented with 500 µl of the bacterial suspension.…”

“…The infection is highly contagious among different poultry species, mainly in chicken and turkey. It has also been associated with retarded growth, reduction in egg production, and an increase in mortality (Hafez et al, 2011;Gornatti et al, 2012;Chin et al, 2013;De la Rosa-Ramos et al, 2015;Hauck et al, 2015). Nowadays, 18 serovars (A-R) have been reported; serotype A predominates in chicken infections representing 94% of all isolates from chickens (Tsai & Huang, 2006;Nofouzi et al, 2007;Thachil et al, 2007;Zbikowski et al, 2013).…”

Bacterial Agents in Diabetic Foot Infections and Their Biofilm Formation Rates

“…Mottola ve ark. (42) Hasta verilerinin ve özellikle de risk faktörleri-nin bulunmamasının bu çalışmanın temel kısıt-lılıklarıdır. Buna karşılık, diyabetik ayak ülser-lerinde biyofilm varlığını gösteren az sayıda çalışma vardır.…”