Conditions of Formation of Polymetallic Mineralization in the Eastern Envelope of the Karkonosze Granite: The Case of Redziny, Southwestern Poland

Abstract

Newly discovered assemblages of numerous ore minerals disseminated in schists, amphibolites and mylonites at their contacts with a dolomite lens exploited at Rędziny, in the northeastern Bohemian Massif, Western Sudetes, Poland, was used in an evaluation of the thermochemical conditions under which specific, and in some cases rare, phases formed. Arsenopyrite, cassiterite and associated base-metal sulfides crystallized at temperatures lower than 550°C. The Ag-bearing sulfosalts pavonite, benjaminite, makovickyite, gustavite, berryite, matildite, giessenite, izoklakeite, cosalite, freibergite and tetrahedrite crystallized along with Ag-bearing galena in the temperature range ca. 350-280°C. They preceded the Cu-Pb-Bi(Sb) sulfosalts wittichenite, bournonite, aikinite-group minerals, emplectite and Ag-poor tennantite, which crystallized from about 300°C to even below 200°C. Kësterite and černýite crystallized at temperatures about 350°C, černýite occurring only in Zn-depleted environments. Ferrokësterite and petrukite, occurring with Zn-enriched chalcopyrite as inclusions within (Fe,Cd,Cu,Sn)-enriched sphalerite, are products of decomposition at 340-270°C of a higher-temperature (Zn,Cd,Cu,Fe,Sn) sulfide. Chatkalite formed as a metastable phase at the SnO 2 -SnS equilibrium at temperatures of about 270-260°C; stannoidite crystallized from 270°C to 250-240°C, at which point mawsonite began to crystallize. Unknown Sn-bearing sulfides, with compositions varying between Cu 4 Fe 3 SnS 8 and Cu 10 SnS 8 , crystallized at probably still lower temperatures. Bismuth sulfides (bismuthinite and an unknown Pb-Bi-S phase), sulfoselenides (ikunolite) and sulfotellurides (tetradymite, joséite-A, joséite-B and an unknown Bi-Te-S phase) crystallized under varying conditions: tetradymite at about 300°C, ikunolite at 270-240°C, bismuthinite from about 300 to 220°C, and joséite-A and joséite-B clearly below 240°C. SOmmAIRENous utilisons les assemblages de plusieurs minéraux de minerais disséminés dans les schistes, les amphibolites et les mylonites au contact avec une lentille de dolomite exploitée à Rędziny, dans le secteur nord-est du massif Bohémien, Sudètes occidentales, Pologne, pour évaluer les conditions thermochimiques régissant les conditions de formation de ces minéraux, dont quelques-uns sont assez rares. L'arsénopyrite, la cassitérite et les sulfures des métaux de base associés ont cristallisé à une température inférieure à 550°C. Les sulfosels argentifères pavonite, benjaminite, makovickyite, gustavite, berryite, matildite, giessenite, izoklakeïte, cosalite, freibergite et tétraédrite ont cristallisé avec la galène argentifère dans l'intervalle ca. 350-280°C. Ces minéraux ont précédé les sulfosels à Cu-Pb-Bi(Sb) wittichenite, bournonite, minéraux du groupe de l'aikinite, emplectite et tennantite à faible teneur en Ag, qui ont cristallisé entre environ 300°C jusqu'à même moins de 200°C. La kësterite et la černýite ont cristallisé à environ 350°C, la černýite étant limitée aux milieux dépourvus de Zn. La ferrokësterite et la p...

Oxy-dravite from Wołowa Góra Mountain, Karkonosze massif, SW Poland: Crystallochemical and structural studies

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Fig. 1.( a ) Geological sketch of the East Karkonosze Metamorphic Unit (after Pieczka et al ., 2009). (b) Detailed geological map of the Budniki–Wołowa Mountain region (after Różański, 1995; fide Mochnacka et al ., 2008) shown as a black dotted frame in (a).

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Bi-sulphotellurides associated with Pb – Bi – (Sb ± Ag, Cu, Fe) sulphosalts: an example from the Stan Terg deposit in Kosovo

“…Various phases from the tetradymite group minerals (with unknown phases) together with sulphosalts were described from plenty of localities worldwide (Gu et al 2001;Cook & Ciobanu 2004;Pieczka et al 2009;Ciobanu at al. 2010;Cockerton & Tomkins 2012;Voudouris et al 2013).…”

Makovickyite and cupromakovickyite from the Obari mine, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan

“…On the other hand, i Cu -free makovickyite is accompanied by galenobismutite, Ag -cosalite and pavonite in the Felbertal deposit (Topa and Paar, 2008), and by cosalite, pavonite and benjaminite in the Redziny quarry (Pieczka et al, 2009). Thus, the i Cu -free type tends to be intergrown with Ag -Bi -S and Pb -Bi -S sulfosalts.…”

“…It was then approved in 1991 and published by Žák et al (1994). Subsequently, the mineral was found in the Turkish and Paulus mines, Romania (Ciobanu and Cook, 2000) and in the Redziny quarry, Slovakia (Pieczka et al, 2009).…”