Conditions for the development of the Pinus pumila zone of Hokkaido, northern Japan

Okitsu, Susumu; Itō, Kōji

doi:10.1007/bf00036513

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…P. pumila form a distinct vegetative zone (the P. pumila zone) above the forest limit in the high mountains of Japan. The forest limit usually lies at altitudes between 1000 m and 1500 m in Hokkaido (Okitsu & Ito 1989). On Mount Apoi, however, P. pumila grows dominantly at altitudes above 500 m and is found even below 400 m. The development of alpine flora at low altitudes on Mount Apoi has been attributed to reduced solar radiation and temperatures due to fog in the summer, and the exposure of ultrabasic bedrock (peridotite) on this mountain (Masuzawa et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne‐pollen pool and mating pattern in a hybrid zone betweenPinus pumilaandP. parvifloravar.pentaphylla

et al. 2008

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The reproductive isolation barriers and the mating patterns among Pinus pumila, P. parviflora var. pentaphylla and their hybrids were examined by flowering phenology and genetic assays of three life stages: airborne-pollen grains, adults and seeds, in a hybrid zone on Mount Apoi, Hokkaido, Japan. Chloroplast DNA composition of the airborne-pollen was determined by single-pollen polymerase chain reaction. Mating patterns were analysed by estimating the molecular hybrid index of the seed parent, their seed embryos and pollen parents. The observation of flowering phenology showed that the flowering of P. pumila precedes that of P. parviflora var. pentaphylla by about 6 to 10 days within the same altitudinal ranges. Although this prezygotic isolation barrier is effective, the genetic assay of airborne-pollen showed that the two pine species, particularly P. pumila, still have chances to form F(1) hybrid seeds. Both parental species showed a strong assortative mating pattern; F(1) seeds were found in only 1.4% of seeds from P. pumila mother trees and not at all in P. parviflora var. pentaphylla. The assortative mating was concluded as the combined result of flowering time differentiation and cross-incompatibility. In contrast to the parental species, hybrids were fertilized evenly by the two parental species and themselves. The breakdown of prezygotic barriers (intermediate flowering phenology) and cross-incompatibility may account for the unselective mating. It is suggested that introgression is ongoing on Mount Apoi through backcrossing between hybrids and parental species, despite strong isolation barriers between the parental species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne‐pollen pool and mating pattern in a hybrid zone betweenPinus pumilaandP. parvifloravar.pentaphylla

et al. 2008

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“…4: 5). The temperatures at the lower limit of these Pinus pumila thickets are not uniform, though, so the Pinus pumila belt on Hokkaido can perhaps be described as follows, by Okitsu & Itō (1989). Thermal conditions would allow fo rest development above the present forest limit, so there may be an area that is theoretically part of the forest belt.…”

Section: Pinus Pumila Thicketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation comparison between the Russian Far East and the Taisetsu Mountains, central Hokkaido, northern Japan

Okitsu¹

2016

Bot Pac

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A B S T R A C TThis study compares the vegetation types of the Russian Far East and those of the Taisetsu range of Hokkaido, in order to clarify the vertical pattern of moun tain vegetation belts in relation to the horizontal distribution of vegetation types in the Russian Far East. The Russian Far East consists of two zones, cool-temperate and boreal, and of four sectors, namely continental, maritime, oceanic and extreme-oceanic. Each combination of zone and sector produces a different vegetation type peculiar to that combination. The Taisetsu mountains are located in central Hokkaido (northern Japan) and have vegetation that corresponds, geographically, to that of the southernmost part of the Russian Far East. The vertical distribution on the mountain consists of six vegetation types (from lower upward): Quercus crispula-Acer mono-Tilia japonica forest, Abies sa chalinensis-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest, Picea jezoensis-Abies sachalinensis fo rest, Betula ermanii forest, Pinus pumila thicket and wind-exposed dwarf scrub. Precise comparison of the species composition and vegetation structure in the two regions reveals that the vegetation types of Taisetsu include all six vegetation types in the Russian Far East, although the geographical location of Taisetsu would not suggest complete correspondence with all the zonal and sectoral types of the Russian Far East. The strong winter wind and heavy snowfall of Taisetsu promote this inconsistency, giving it a vertical zonation that is quite unique in its convergence toward all the possible zonal-sectoral combinations in the Russian Far East. Проведен сравнительный анализ типов растительности российского Дальнего Вос-тока и горного массива Дайсецу на о-ве Хоккайдо с целью установле ния со от но шений между структурой вертикальной поясности горной рас ти-тель нос ти и горизонтальным распределением растительности на российс-ком Даль нем Востоке. Южная часть Дальнего Востока России вклю чает про хлад но-умеренную и бореальную зоны и четыре сектора: кон ти нен-таль ный, при морс кий, океанический и экстремально-океаничес кий. Каж-дой комбинации зоны и сектора соответствует определенная единица рас-ти тель нос ти. Го ры Дайсецу расположены в центральной части Хоккай до (се вер ная Япония) и имеют рас тительность, которая географически со от-вет ст вует растительности южной части Дальнего Востока России. Горные поя са представлены шестью ти па ми растительности (снизу вверх): ши ро-ко лиственный лес из Quercus crispula, Acer mono и Tilia japo nica; смешанный ши ро колиственно-пихтовый лес с Abies sachalinensis, пих то во-еловый лес из Pi cea jezoensis и Abies sachalinensis, лес из Betula ermanii, за росли Pinus pumila и вет робойные кустарничковые тундры. Сравнение ви до во го со ста ва и струк-ту ры растительности в двух регионах показывает, что ти пы рас тительности Дай сецу и российского Дальнего Востока в целом сходны, однако особое гео гра фическое положение Дайсецу является причиной существенных от-ли чий растительности горных поясов от аналогичных зональных и сект...

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“…The major types of natural vegetation in temperate NE Asia include mixed northern hardwood forest, decid uous oak forest, birch forest and montane boreal coniferous forest (Wang 1957;Ohsawa 1990Ohsawa , 1991Ohsawa , 1993a. Though the survival of arctic plants on the summits of the high moun tains of Japan has been discussed (Takeda 1913;Okitsu 1993;Okitsu et al 1984Okitsu et al , 1989Okitsu et al , 1995, very little biogeographical research has dealt with a comparative analysis of northern or circumpolar floristic elements of NE Asia. A knowledge of the floristic elements of a region is helpful in understanding the path ways of migration into the region concerned (Stace 1980).…”

Section: Arctic-alpinementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Arboreal Arctic-Alpine Plants and Environments in NE Asia and Korea

Kong

Watts

1999

Geogr. Rev. Jpn, Ser B

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The distribution of arboreal arctic-alpine plants in NE Asia and Korea is discussed, The presence of large numbers of species of the arctic-alpine flora in the Korean Peninsula, and especially the global southernmost distributional limits for certain species, may primarily be attributed to palaeo-environmental factors, since it cannot be wholly explained by reference to present environmental conditions. The disjunctive distribution of many arctic-alpine plants in NE Asia and the Korean Penin sula, as well as the Japanese Islands, suggests a former continuous distribution of these both regionally and on a broader scale. It also implies their range extension down-slopes and southwards during the Pleistocene glacial phases, and the subsequent breakdown of a former continuous range into fragments as the climate ameliorated during the post-glacial warming phase. The arctic-alpine flora, now mainly on the peaks of the Korean mountains, have been able to persist in alpine belts thanks to their harsh climatic conditions, sterile soil, rugged topography and cryoturbation. The horizontal and vertical distributional limits of some species seem to coincide with the maximum monthly summer isotherms, and the continued survival of alpine plants in Korea is in danger, if global warming associated with the greenhouse effect takes place.

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Conditions for the development of the Pinus pumila zone of Hokkaido, northern Japan

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Airborne‐pollen pool and mating pattern in a hybrid zone betweenPinus pumilaandP. parvifloravar.pentaphylla

Airborne‐pollen pool and mating pattern in a hybrid zone betweenPinus pumilaandP. parvifloravar.pentaphylla

Vegetation comparison between the Russian Far East and the Taisetsu Mountains, central Hokkaido, northern Japan

Distribution of Arboreal Arctic-Alpine Plants and Environments in NE Asia and Korea

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