Conditions for long-lasting gas eruptions: The 2013 event at Fiumicino International Airport (Rome, Italy)

Giordano, Guido; Carapezza, Maria Luisa; Monica, Giuseppe Della; Todesco, Micol; Tuccimei, Paola; Carlucci, Giorgia; Benedetti, A. A. De; Gattuso, Alessandro; Lai, Carlo; Piersanti, M.; Ranaldi, Massimo; Tarchini, Luca; Pagliuca, Nicola Mauro; Ricci, T.; Facchini, Stefano; D'Ambrosio, F.; Misuraca, M.; Bonamico, A.; Geshi, Nobuo

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.06.020

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Further, it must be noted that the presented conceptual model concerning the geogas uprising along active faults for central-southern Italy is greatly supported by many recent bibliographic references [116,117,[127][128][129][130][131][132]. Moreover, in the shallow aquifer, the violent piping also produced occasional gravel throwing outside the ground level, as attested by the coeval sources, and the enlargement of the gas-induced sinkhole.…”

Section: Discussion: the Earthquake-induced Gas Eruption Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The seismogenic background of Central Italy is also based on the upwelling of gas, among which mainly CO 2 , along the active faults [114][115][116]. In the Apennine area of Central Italy, the CO 2 degassing is not complete like in the Tyrrhenian side characterized by widespread volcanic and hydrothermal, and geyser activities [117]. Therefore, in the Apennine area, gas is stored in crustal traps at different scales and depths generating CO 2 overpressurized reservoirs, which induce seismicity.…”

Section: Discussion: the Earthquake-induced Gas Eruption Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic Soil Characterization to Estimate Site Effects Induced by Near-Fault Earthquakes: The Case Study of Pizzoli (Central Italy) during the Mw 6.7 2 February 1703, Earthquake

et al. 2021

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Many of the urban settlements in Central Italy are placed nearby active faults and, consequently, the ground motion evaluation and seismic site effects under near-fault earthquakes are noteworthy issues to be investigated. This paper presents the results of site investigations, the seismic site characterization, and the local seismic response for assessing the effects induced by the Mw 6.7 2 February 1703, near-fault earthquake at the Madonna delle Fornaci site (Pizzoli, Central Italy) in which notable ground failure phenomena were observed, as witnessed by several coeval sources. Even though recent papers described these phenomena, the geological characteristics of the site and the failure mechanism have never been assessed through in-situ investigations and numerical modeling. Within a project concerning the assessment of soil liquefaction potential and co-seismic ground failure, deep and shallow continuous core drilling, geophysical investigations and in-hole tests have been carried out. Subsequently, the geotechnical model has been defined and the numerical quantification of the different hypotheses of failure mechanisms has been evaluated. Analyses showed that liquefaction did not occur, and the excess pore water pressure induced by the shaking was not the source of the ground failure. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the sinkhole was likely caused by earthquake-induced gas eruption.

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Section: Discussion: the Earthquake-induced Gas Eruption Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussion: the Earthquake-induced Gas Eruption Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Soil Characterization to Estimate Site Effects Induced by Near-Fault Earthquakes: The Case Study of Pizzoli (Central Italy) during the Mw 6.7 2 February 1703, Earthquake

et al. 2021

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“…These wells were abandoned without carrying out any proper well cementation work. Gas leakage from these wells continued along the years, as it is demonstrated by soil gas flux anomalies measured nearby (Giordano et al, ), creating hazardous gas concentration at the surface. No vegetal grow can take place near these old wells, as at S. Maria delle Mole (Figure b).…”

Section: Gas Blowouts From Wells In the Rome Regionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Faulting and Gas Discharge in the Rome Area (Central Italy) and Associated Hazards

et al. 2019

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The area of Central Italy around Rome contains natural gas discharging zones and several others where quarrying or mining excavation removed the impervious superficial layers allowing a free hazardous discharge to the surface of endogenous gas. These gas manifestations are mostly located above buried structural highs of fractured Mesozoic limestones hosting the main regional aquifer and revealed by gravity anomalies. In the last decades, many gas blowouts occurred in this area, from wells whose depth ranged from 10-15 to 350 m. The main component of the emitted gas is CO 2 with minor H 2 S; only in a blowout offshore of Fiumicino CH 4 prevailed. Several animals even of large size and two persons were killed by the emitted gas (mostly by H 2 S), and nearby houses were evacuated because of dangerous indoor CO 2 concentrations. He and CO 2 -carbon isotopes suggest that gas has a deep mantle signature, as indicated for Fiumicino gas by N 2 isotopic composition and N 2 / 36 Ar ratios. Gas rising from depth first accumulates in the buried Mesozoic limestone reservoir, and from there it escapes along deep-reaching faults. On its way to the surface, the gas dissolves into and pressurizes any encountered confined aquifer, which may then produce a gas blowout when reached by wells. The main direction of the gas feeding faults was estimated through the alignment of visible gas emissive points, the shape of the positive anomalies in soil CO 2 flux maps, and new structural-geological observations, finding that they correspond mostly to the main orientation of the underlying limestone structural high.

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Using a multi-method approach based on soil radon deficit, resistivity, and induced polarization measurements to monitor non-aqueous phase liquid contamination in two study areas in Italy and India

Castelluccio

Agrahari

Simone

et al. 2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Geochemical and geophysical surveys employing radon deficit, resistivity, and induced polarization (IP) measurements were undertaken on soil contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in two different sites in India and in Italy. Radon deficit, validated through the comparison with average soil radon in reference unpolluted areas, shows the extension of contamination in the upper part of the unsaturated aquifers. In site 1 (Italy), the spill is not recent. A residual film of kerosene covers soil grains, inhibiting their chargeability and reducing electrical resistivity difference with background unpolluted areas. No correlation between the two parameters is observed. Soil volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentration is not linked with radon deficit, supporting the old age of the spillage. NAPL pollution in sites 2a and 2b (India) is more recent and probably still active, as demonstrated by higher values of electrical resistivity. A good correlation with IP values suggests that NAPL is still distributed as droplets or as a continuous phase in the pores, strengthening the scenario of a fresh spill or leakage. Residual fraction of gasoline in the pore space of sites 2a and 2b is respectively 1.5 and 11.8 kg per cubic meter of terrain. This estimation is referred to the shallower portion of the unsaturated aquifer. Electrical resistivity is still very high indicating that the gasoline has not been strongly degraded yet. Temperature and soil water content influence differently radon deficit in the three areas, reducing soil radon concentration and partly masking the deficit in sites 2a and 2b.

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Conditions for long-lasting gas eruptions: The 2013 event at Fiumicino International Airport (Rome, Italy)

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Seismic Soil Characterization to Estimate Site Effects Induced by Near-Fault Earthquakes: The Case Study of Pizzoli (Central Italy) during the Mw 6.7 2 February 1703, Earthquake

Seismic Soil Characterization to Estimate Site Effects Induced by Near-Fault Earthquakes: The Case Study of Pizzoli (Central Italy) during the Mw 6.7 2 February 1703, Earthquake

Faulting and Gas Discharge in the Rome Area (Central Italy) and Associated Hazards

Using a multi-method approach based on soil radon deficit, resistivity, and induced polarization measurements to monitor non-aqueous phase liquid contamination in two study areas in Italy and India

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