Conditions for carbon spherule formation under pressure

Inagaki, Michio; Kuroda, Kazuaki; Inoue, Naohisa; Sakai, Mototsugu

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(84)90099-x

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A pitch with a high molecular weight (PF-5) needs a large amount of PVC in order to modify the morphology from its natural lump-type to botryoidal. By pressure carbonization of mixtures of polyethylene (PE) with PVC, we have obtained separate single spherules with a uniform size [8][9][10]. In other words, PVC works effectively in a low molecular weight pitch to reduce the size of the primary particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have been studying the visco-elastic properties of pitches by introducing a fractionation technique [1][2][3][4]. We have used a pressure carbonization process which gives a high carbon yield and interesting texture and morphology in carbons [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. We have used a pressure carbonization process which gives a high carbon yield and interesting texture and morphology in carbons [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology change in carbons prepared from pitch-polyvinylchloride mixtures under pressure

1989

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Mixtures of fractionated pitches with different molecular weights and polyvinylchloride (PVC) were Carbonized at 650°C under a pressure of 30 M Pa. The morphology of the carbons obtained was studied under a scanning electron microscope and the optical texture under a polarized light microscope. Gradual changes in morphology are observed, from lump-type to coralloidal through botryoidal with gradual diminution in the size of the primary particles. The content of PVC and also the number-averaged molecular weight were found to govern the morpohology of the resultant carbon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology change in carbons prepared from pitch-polyvinylchloride mixtures under pressure

1989

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“…Besides, carbon nanofibers have been derived from PE with the mixed catalysis of CuBr and NiO at 700 °C . Among various carbon transformation methods, carbonization under high pressure is an emerging approach to convert waste plastics into valuable carbon materials. ,, Inagaki et al first demonstrated that it was feasible to obtain carbon spheres by pressure carbonization treatment of PE, PP and PVC at a moderate temperature of 650 °C under a pressure of 30 MPa. ,, Pol et al explored the direct carbonization of waste plastics by high pressure carbonization. , Although the carbonization of various waste plastics has been explored, the carbonization of waste PS (popularly used for disposable cutlery, boxes and cups) and the applications of the PS derived carbon is relatively rarely studied. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,18,19 Inagaki et al first demonstrated that it was feasible to obtain carbon spheres by pressure carbonization treatment of PE, PP and PVC at a moderate temperature of 650 °C under a pressure of 30 MPa. 16,20,21 direct carbonization of waste plastics by high pressure carbonization. 22,23 Although the carbonization of various waste plastics has been explored, the carbonization of waste PS (popularly used for disposable cutlery, boxes and cups) and the applications of the PS derived carbon is relatively rarely studied.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trash to Treasure: Transforming Waste Polystyrene Cups into Negative Electrode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

Fonseca

Meng

Deng

2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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ABSTRCT: Modern society generates a huge amount of plastic wastes that are posing potential disasters to our environment and society. For example, waste polystyrene (PS), such as used PS cups and packing materials, is mainly disposed into landfills. It is very challenging to recycle PS economically. PS cannot be carbonized under conventional conditions, because PS is completely decomposed into toxic gases at moderate temperature instead of carbonization. Here, we demonstrated a facile procedure to transform waste PS cups collected from a local coffee shop into disordered carbon in a sealed reactor at moderate temperature but under high pressure. The as-obtained disordered carbon demonstrated interesting electrochemical characteristics for reversible storage of sodium ions. A highly reversible capacity of 116 mAh g -1 could be achieved for at least 80 cycles. Our preliminary results demonstrated that the trash of waste PS cups could be facilely transformed into treasure of promising negative electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries, offering an alternative and sustainable approach to manage the waste PS issue.

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“…Therein, a limited number of articles regarding the decomposition behavior and resulting products at pressures higher than atmospheric are reviewed. Inagaki has been one of the influential researchers in this regard, publishing articles on the subject from as early as 30 years ago. − More recently Chemii has written a very short review which includes some articles regarding pressurized carbonization of systems containing carbon dioxide. Unfortunately, the review is in the Polish language and hence is not easily understood by the majority of readers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Synthesis of Carbon-Based Nano and Micro Materials by High Temperature and High Pressure

Bazargan

Yan

Hui

et al. 2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This review covers the production of solid carbonaceous materials at high temperatures (above 500 °C) and high pressures. The review orders the high temperature/high pressure (HTHP) studies by their final product categories, namely carbon spheres, prolate spheroids (also known as ellipsoids and olivaries), nanotubes, and others such as diamonds, fullerenes, composites, and nanostars. The mechanisms as well as the properties of the products are discussed. In particular, the literature pertaining to the production of carbon ellipsoids has been collected for the first time. On one hand, the review concludes that, due to the existence of other conventional and more practical methods, the production of nanotubes and spheres via HTHP does not appear to be industrially feasible. On the other hand, using the HTHP method to produce olivary carbons and other new and exotic products seems attractive due to the absence of conventional methods for their production.

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Conditions for carbon spherule formation under pressure

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Morphology change in carbons prepared from pitch-polyvinylchloride mixtures under pressure

Morphology change in carbons prepared from pitch-polyvinylchloride mixtures under pressure

Trash to Treasure: Transforming Waste Polystyrene Cups into Negative Electrode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

A Review: Synthesis of Carbon-Based Nano and Micro Materials by High Temperature and High Pressure

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