Conditions for a Pipe to Run Full When Discharging Liquid Into a Space Filled With Gas

Abstract

Experiments were performed with water discharging into air from horizontal and vertical tubes of several diameters. The horizontal tubes discharged into a variable space between vertical plates. The effects of length/diameter ratio and the shape of the end of the tube were investigated for the case of vertical tubes. In each case the conditions for the pipes to run full were associated with the formation and washout of large gas bubbles resembling those occurring in the slug flow regime of two-phase flow. The data for horizontal tubes were successfully correlated with some simple limiting theories and dimensionless representations. The vertical tube results were influenced by stability phenomena and nonsymmetrical flow patterns; as a result only a partial understanding was obtained.

Influence of tube inclination on the flow regime boundaries of condensing steam

“…As mentioned earlier, complete condensation was always achieved in the test section before discharging the flow into the separation tank where liquid and vapor existed with a stable interface. For the horizontal orientation and the three of complete condensation, the exit condition of stratified or full-tube was found to be independent of the rate of cooling and dependent only on the discharge flow rate (Wallis et al, 1977). The boundary between stratified and full tube shifted THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, VOLUME 71, FEBRUARY, 1993 to higher mass flow rates as the inclination angle increased (G = 128 kg/m2 .…”

The onset of slugging in horizontal condensers

“…This parameter was used successfully by Wallis et al (1977) in correlating the data of the onset of bubble formation in small-diameter tubes when the data deviated substantially from the theoretical predictions. Also, the Kutateladze-Tien empirical correlation for flooding (Tien et al 1980) uses C as a correction factor.…”

Effect of the Exit Condition on the Performance of In-Tube Condensers

“…Wallis et al [10] clearly demonstrated that the ow rate needed for a tube to run full at the exit when discharging a liquid into a gas-lled space is given by the following equation:…”

“…The impact of the parameters that control the type of exit condition can be easily quanti ed for any passage con guration or heat exchanger type by conducting relatively simple adiabatic experiments. This approach was adopted by Wallis et al [10] and Rabas [11].…”