Conditioning of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response as a function of trials per session and ISI with a short intersession interval

Temporal specificity in cross-modal transfer of the rabbit nictitating membrane response.

“…Whereas the initiation of the NM CR first emerges just before the UCS and gradually moves to an earlier position in the ISI, the maximal extent of the CR—the CR peak—always remains near the point of UCS delivery (Gormezano, Kehoe, & Marshall, 1983; Smith, 1968). Moreover, when the ISI is altered, the CR peak at the original temporal locus of the UCS disappears and reappears at the new temporal locus of the UCS (Coleman & Gormezano, 1971; Salafia, Martino, Cloutman, & Romano, 1979). When a single CS is paired with the UCS at two randomly mixed intervals, the CR develops two distinct peaks, one located at each point of UCS delivery (Hoehler & Leonard, 1976; Kehoe, Graham-Clarke, & Schreurs, 1989; Millenson, Kehoe, & Gormezano, 1977).…”

A comparison of nonspecific and nictitating membrane conditioned responses: Additional support for two-factor theories

“…We agree that Kehoe and Macrae are correct to criticize our neglect of the parameter of trials per session. The seven papers that they cite (Kehoe, Cool, & Gormezano, 1991;Kehoe & Gormezano, 1974;Levinthal, 1973;Levinthal & Papsdorf, 1970;Levinthal, Tartell, Margolin, & Fishman, 1985;Salafia, Daston, & Martino, 1976;Salafia, Terry, & Daston, 1975) demonstrate that the NM CR can be acquired in considerably fewer trials than is usually reported (mean of 59.2 trials in our survey). With regard to those seven NM papers, we want to emphasize that we did not deliberately attempt to ignore these very interesting data.…”

“…With regard to those seven NM papers, we want to emphasize that we did not deliberately attempt to ignore these very interesting data. Two ofthe seven (Salafia et al, 1976;Salafia et al, 1975) did not report trials to the 1st CR, but did report trials to the 20th CR, and therefore could not be used in the survey. Two of the remaining five (Kehoe et aI., 1991;Levinthal et al, 1985) were published either past our 1985 cutoff date, or in that very year; thus, our quota of 10-15 papers per response system (Lennartz & Weinberger, 1992, p. 97) had been attained.…”

Classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response can be fast or slow: Implications for Lennartz and Weinberger’s (1992) two-factor theory

“…Figure 1 summarizes those [mdings. It shows the mean number ofCS-US trials to the first CR as a function of the number of trials per session for each group in the available studies (Kehoe, Cool, & Gormezano, 1991;Kehoe & Gormezano, 1974;Levinthal, 1973;Levinthal & Papsdorf, 1970;Levinthal, Tartell, Margolin, & Fishman, 1985;Salafia, Daston, & Martino, 1976;Salafia, Terry, & Daston, 1975). The data were plotted by using Lennartz and Weinberger's (1992) method to approximate the trial of the first CR.…”