Conditioning of counter-empathetic emotional responses

Englis, Basil G.; Vaughan, Katherine; Lanzetta, John T.

doi:10.1016/0022-1031(82)90060-9

Cited by 92 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…5). Earlier work on counter-empathy showed a reversed pattern of facial mimicry in competitive and non-competitive settings (Englis & Vaughan, 1982). Considering that mimicry to emotional faces was found to modulate N170 (Achaïbou et al, 2008), the reversed pattern of N170 between congruent and incongruent conditions in our study demonstrates contextual influences on early sensory processing of facial expressions.…”

Section: Empathy and Counter-empathysupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Our analyses focused on two distinct ERP components: the neural encoding of facial expressions (N170) and the detection of errors performed by oneself or another person (medial frontal negativity, MFN). A recent study demonstrated a relationship between the magnitude of N170 and the occurrence of spontaneous facial mimicry (Achaïbou, Pourtois, Schwartz, & Vuilleumier, 2008), and a competitive situation promoted asymmetrical-i.e., counterempathic-responses of facial mimicry (Englis & Vaughan, 1982). MFN, on the other hand, is sensitive to an unfavorable outcome for self (Yeung & Sanfey, 2004), for both favorable and unfavorable outcomes (Jung et al, 2010), or for others (Fukushima & Hiraki, 2006;Koban, Pourtois, Vocat, & Vuilleumier, 2010).…”

Section: Empathy and Counter-empathymentioning

confidence: 96%

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Happiness Is a Matter of Social Comparison

Yamada¹,

Takahashi

2011

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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Humans are sensitive to others' possessions, such as talents, appearance, achievements, etc. By comparing ourselves to others, we assess self-evaluation and personal satisfaction. Here, reviewing recent neuroscientific findings, we will illustrate the neural mechanisms of emotional reactions to the perceived inequity of social comparison by both the level of contextual appraisal and the automatic level of perceiving the emotions of others. Envy, schadenfreude, empathy and counterempathy are predominant emotions associated with social comparison, and the brain is predisposed to generating them according to others' conditions. It is argued that happiness is not just a pure hedonic state but is a matter of others, whose happiness cannot exceed ones own.

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Section: Empathy and Counter-empathysupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Empathy and Counter-empathymentioning

confidence: 96%

Happiness Is a Matter of Social Comparison

Yamada¹,

Takahashi

2011

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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“…In one study (Englis et al, 1982), subjects were led to believe they would be engaging in either a competitive or a cooperative interaction with the person being observed on a videotape. The video showed the model either smiling in response to receiving a ''reward'' or grimacing in response to getting an ''electric shock''.…”

Section: Counterempathic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presidential Expressions and Viewer Emotion: Counterempathic Responses to Televised Leader Displays

Bucy

Bradley²

2004

Social Science Information

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Despite the biological predisposition to recognize and mimic facial expressions, research has shown that contextual or experiential factors may elicit emotionally incongruent, or counterempathic, responses. This experimental study reports how counterempathic responses to televised leader displays may be evoked in political communication. Findings suggest that unexpected nonverbal communication is subject to cognitive appraisal, which may influence emotional responding. Subjects were shown a series of four news stories, each followed by a 30-second televised reaction of President Bill Clinton. The story-reaction sequences varied by story topic, level of emotion and degree of leader display appropriateness. Physiological (heart rate, skin conductance and facial muscle activation, or EMG) and emotional self-report measures indicated that evaluations of display appropriateness moderated how much attention was given to the display, the affective direction of viewers' facial muscle activation and the level of autonomic activation, or arousal. The EMG data showed that viewers frowned in response to positive expressive displays that followed positive news. Smiling activation also decreased for high-intensity, positive displays. By manipulating the valence and intensity of the associated news event, facial mimicry, and emotional responses to leaders generally, are shown to be situationally influenced by the larger social and informational context. Downloaded from Résumé. En dépit des prédispositions biologiques qui permettent d'identifier et d'imiter des expressions faciales, la recherche montre que des facteurs contextuels ou empiriques peuvent induire des réponses émotionnellement non-pertinentes, ou contreempathiques. Cette étude empirique montre comment des réponses contre-empathiques à des expressions faciales télévisées de dirigeants politiques peuvent se produire dans la communication politique. Les résultats suggèrent qu'une communication non-verbale inattendue est soumise à une évaluation cognitive qui peut influencer la réponse émotionnelle. On montre aux sujets une série de quatre sujets d'information, chacun suivi d'une réaction télévisée de 30 secondes du Président Bill Clinton. Les séquences sujet d'information-réaction sont très différentes par le thème, le niveau d'émotion et le degré de pertinence de la réaction du dirigeant. Des mesures physiologiques (rythme cardiaque, conductivité de la peau et activation des muscles faciaux, ou EMG) et des mesures d'auto-évaluation émotionnelle indiquent que l'évaluation de la pertinence de la réaction modère le niveau d'attention porté à la réaction, la direction affective de l'activation des muscles faciaux des spectateurs et le niveau d'activation autonome, ou stimulation. Les données des mesures électromyographiques (EMG) montrent que les spectateurs froncent les sourcils en réponse à des expressions positives succédant à une information positive. L'activation du sourire décroît également pour des expressions très fortement positives. En manipulant la valence et l...

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“…Prior to the introduction of laboratory computers, quantification of EMG responses involved either counting the number of peaks in the EMG signal or calculating the mean amplitude of the integrated EMG response from a randomly selected subset of the amplitudes (d. Lippold, 1967). The responses depicted in Figure 1, however, are not readily Copyright 1986 Psychonomic Society, Inc. 532 tion on empathetic and counterempathetic processes (Englis, Vaughan, & Lanzetta, 1982).…”

Section: General Issuesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Microcomputers in social psychophysiological research: An overview

Tassinary

Marshall-Goodell

Cacioppo

1985

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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Microcomputer systems have become commonplace in the psychophysiological laboratory during the past 5 years and are currently used in all phases of data acquisition, experimental control, and data analysis. In the past year, however, advances in microprocessor technology and scientific software have greatly extended the capabilities ofthese desk-top systems. Small laboratories now can afford an integrated laboratory microcomputer system and both the high-fidelity data acquisition hardware and the sophisticated analysis capabilities traditionally found in large minicomputers. We briefly describe the demands that social psychophysiological research can place on computer systems, the system presently employed in our laboratory, and a system being installed to overcome limitations on sampling rate, sampling periods, and waveform analysis.Research and theory in social psychology have been based in large part On self-report data to assess the efficacy of the experimental manipulations, the effects of these manipulations On verbal and overt behavior, and the occurrence of postulated intervening processes. In part to avoid the limitations inherent in relying on verbal measures, there has been a growing interest among social psychologists in the potential of chronometric and noninvasive psychophysiological measures to test and refine theories of social interaction and behavior. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the tasks typically faced in social psychophysiological research and the advances in microcomputers as they relate to observing, measuring, and quantifying social phenomena; to outline the advantages and limitations of employing inexpensive personal computers in this area of research; and to indicate the general issues involved in selecting a microcomputer system with which to automate laboratory functions. 1 GENERAL ISSUESBridging the gap between social psychological concepts (e.g., arousal, interpersonal attraction, and emotion) and the physiological activity subserving social behavior typically requires the collection of multiple response measures in the context of multifactor experimental designs. One reason for this is that physiological systems are responsive to a wide variety of stimuli. For example, a given level of electrodermal activity (EDA) could result from the presentation of a loud noise, a deep breath, emotional imagery, or a run up a flight of stairs. In addition, the mapping from theoretically derived psychological processes into particular bodily responses often involves

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Conditioning of counter-empathetic emotional responses

Cited by 92 publications

References 17 publications

Happiness Is a Matter of Social Comparison

Happiness Is a Matter of Social Comparison

Presidential Expressions and Viewer Emotion: Counterempathic Responses to Televised Leader Displays

Microcomputers in social psychophysiological research: An overview

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