Conditioned responses of hippocampal and other neurons

Olds, James L.; Hirano, Toshitsugu

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(69)90206-5

Cited by 45 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Inhibitory signals from these structures may have a particular impact on the extinction of previously conditioned responses. The limbic system appears to have great plasticity and is particularly rich in its neuronal reorganization capacity (Kotliar, 1969;Morrell, 1967;Olds & Hirano, 1969). Segal (1973a) recorded the activity of 473 cells in various limbic areas and found that the CA3 fields of the hippocampus had the shortest latency of response to stimuli that had been previously conditioned.…”

Section: Sites Of Neuronal Plasticity In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of Olds and his laboratory (Olds & Milner, 1954;Olds & Hirano, 1969;Olds, Mink, & Best, 1969;Olds et al, 1972;Phillips & Olds, 1962 provided much of the early evidence for differential conditioning effects across brain systems. In one study; changes in neural activity were monitored across numerous sites during the generalization of classical conditioning to tones .…”

Section: Sites Of Neuronal Plasticity In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Neuropsychology of Attention

Cohen

1993

Critical Issues in Neuropsychology

210

118

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A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher An unfortunate case of "hemispatial" inattention. ("M Babinet prevenu par sa portiere de Ia visite de Ia comete." From Le Charivari, 1858, by Honore Daumier. Babcock Bequest; Courtesy of Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts.) PrefaceAt the beginning of this project, I was struck by several paradoxes regarding the study of attentional phenomena within neuropsychology. On one hand, the concept of attention has been central to the historical development of psychology. Attention was considered a fundamental and inescapable aspect of human experience by Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and the other founders of modern psychology. On the other hand, for much of the 20th century, psychologists tried desperately to avoid acknowledging the need for an attentional construct. Because attention has an intangible quality and cannot be specified as a unitary process, many behavioral scientists considered the construct of attention theoretically incoherent. Some of their concerns regarding the nature of attentional phenomena were clearly justified. It is also apparent, however, that explanations of behavior and cognition that fail to account for attentional phenomena cannot fully capture human experience.Recently, there has been a shift in zeitgeist, and attention has received more favorable treatment within the cognitive neurosciences. Humans cannot handle an infinite amount of simultaneous information. Therefore, cognitive processes must exist that direct our focus to information that is important, and that permit the selection of stimuli and responses from the large universe of alternatives. Regardless of whether one advocates the existence of a discrete attentional process, it is necessary to account for the occurrence of those phenomena that we normally label as aspects of attention. Consideration of the mechanisms underlying the selection of information and the control of stimulus and response processes is critical if we hope to understand human cognitive experience.The necessity of studying the mechanisms underlying attentional phenomena is particularly evident within neuropsychology. Patients with brain disorders frequently do not perform at optimal levels, even when task variables are held constant. They may fail to detect an object in the environment, even though it can be demonstrated that they have adequate perceptual capability. Reference to performance deficits stemming from attentional dysfunction is common in cl...

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Section: Sites Of Neuronal Plasticity In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sites Of Neuronal Plasticity In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropsychology of Attention

Cohen

1993

Critical Issues in Neuropsychology

210

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They may be serving an anticipatory function, as he suggests in a subsequent review (Nicolaidis, 1974), and it would be most interesting to reinvestigate them in the unanesthetized animal. Units that appear to anticipate the availability of food or water that has not yet been taken into the mouth have been found in the hippocampus of rats that have been trained to expect them, and they are differentially activated by signals that have been associated with the presentation of either food or water (Olds & Hirano, 1969).…”

Section: Drinking Without Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation

Pfaff¹

1982

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“…Some experiments report no change, while others report a slight increase or decrease in baseline rate. For example, Olds and Hirano (1969) found only one of 19 hippocampal units which showed an increment of 40 per cent or greater to the tone during the pseudo-conditioning phase. After conditioning, the percentage of responsive units is only slightly improved.…”

Section: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olds and his colleagues (Hirano, Best, and Olds 1970, Olds 1965, 1967, Mink, Best, and Olds 1967, Olds and Hirano 1969, Olds, Mink, and Best 1969, Segal, Disterhoft, and Olds 1972, Segal 1973a,b, Hirsch 1973 have recorded from the dorsal hippocampus and other structures in rats in a series of experiments which exemplify the neuropsychological approach in a relatively pure form. All recordings were done during the same classical conditioning paradigm, and each paper seeks to answer a slightly different question about unit activity during that paradigm.…”

Section: Physiology 213mentioning

confidence: 99%