“…This is a unique and intrinsic property of all MSC regardless their tissue origin [76], although tissue source influences the stromal secretome [77]. Administration of MSC after a vascular insult enhances a functional revascularization, associated with the upregulation of CD31 [78,79,80], the activation of anti-apoptotic and pro-survival molecular pathways (caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Akt), a parallel production of a wide range of soluble mediators (VEGF, NGF, HGF, bFGF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), and MSC immunosuppressive properties by secreting HLA-G5 [81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88]. In Vitro experiments have confirmed these results, as crossroads of main survival signaling pathways, like ERK1/2, BDNF, CREB or MAP kinases, are targeted and activated [86,88].…”