Conditioned defeat in the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

Potegal, Michael; Huhman, Kim L.; Moore, Timothy O.; Meyerhoff, James L.

doi:10.1016/0163-1047(93)90159-f

Cited by 125 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Resident hamsters normally display territorial aggression toward an intruding hamster placed into their cage; however, after repeated defeats, residents behave defensively and will flee from an intruder (3). A similar behavioral phenomenon has also been documented in invertebrates.…”

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confidence: 77%

A single social defeat reduces aggression in a highly aggressive strain of Drosophila

Penn

Zito

Kravitz

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Genes and prior experience both influence the behavior of animals, but the relative contribution of each to fighting behavior in Drosophila remains unclear. To address this issue, we bred hyperaggressive flies by selecting winners of fights over 34-37 generations. Males of this strain initiate fights sooner, retaliate more often, and regularly defeat opponents from the nonselected parent Canton-S strain. After a defeat, however, these highly aggressive flies lose their second fights against socially naïve counterparts. Defeated flies also lunge and retaliate less after experiencing a loss, suggesting that the subsequent losses result from flies becoming less aggressive. Remarkably, flies that were once capable of engaging in highintensity boxing and tussling patterns of behavior for extended periods of time often do not even engage in mid-intensity lunging after a single defeat. Furthermore, these formerly highly aggressive flies lose all competitive advantage over nonselected Canton-S after experiencing a loss. Lastly, females were more likely to copulate with males from the nonselected parent line than with the hyperaggressive strain.behavior | fighting | flies | learning | memory

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confidence: 77%

A single social defeat reduces aggression in a highly aggressive strain of Drosophila

Penn

Zito

Kravitz

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Defeated hamsters exhibit a pervasive subordinate social status even when they are later exposed to smaller, nonaggressive animals (Jasnow and Huhman 2001). Thus, this latter phenomenon is referred to as conditioned defeat (Potegal et al 1993;Jasnow and Huhman 2001). Despite the considerable utility of this model for studying both social stress and social anxiety, the neurochemical mechanism underlying both unconditioned and conditioned social defeat remains incompletely understood (see also Jasnow et al 1999Jasnow et al , 2005Jasnow and Huhman 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An endocannabinoid signaling system modulates anxiety-like behavior in male Syrian hamsters

Moise¹,

Eisenstein²,

Astarita

et al. 2008

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale-An endocannabinoid signaling system has not been identified in hamsters.Objective-We examined the existence of an endocannabinioid signaling system in Syrian hamsters using neuroanatomical, biochemical and behavioral pharmacological approaches.Method-The distribution of cannabinoid receptors was mapped and membrane fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity and levels of fatty-acid amides were measured in hamster brain. The impact of cannabinoid CB 1 receptor blockade and inhibition of FAAH was evaluated in the elevated plus maze, rota-rod test and models of unconditioned and conditioned social defeat.Results-A characteristic heterogeneous distribution of cannabinoid receptors was detected in hamster brain using [ 3 H]CP55,940 binding and autoradiography. The FAAH inhibitor URB597 inhibited FAAH activity (IC 50 = 12.8 nM) and elevated levels of fatty-acid amides (N-palmitoyl ethanolamine (PEA) and N-oleoyl ethanolamine (OEA)) in hamster brain. Anandamide levels were not reliably altered. The cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 (1-10 mg/kg i.p.) induced CB 1 -mediated motor ataxia. Blockade of CB 1 with rimonabant (5 mg/kg i.p.) induced anxiogenic-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. URB597 (0.1-0.3 mg/kg i.p.) induced CB 1 -mediated anxiolytic-like effects in elevated plus maze, similar to the benzodiazepine diazepam (2 mg/kg i.p.). Diazepam (2-6 mg/ kg i.p.) suppressed the expression, but not the acquisition, of conditioned defeat. By contrast, neither URB597 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg i.p.) nor rimonabant (5 mg/kg i.p.) altered unconditioned or conditioned social defeat or rota-rod performance.Conclusions-Endocannabinoids engage functional CB 1 receptors in hamster brain to suppress anxiety-like behavior and undergo enzymatic hydrolysis catalyzed by FAAH. Our results further suggest that neither unconditioned nor conditioned social defeat in the Syrian hamster is dependent upon cannabinoid CB 1 receptor activation.

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“…Potegal and colleagues (Potegal, Huhman, Moore, and Meyerhoff, 1993) showed that after a single, prolonged bout of agonistic behavior, nearly 90% of defeated males displayed submissive postures when presented with a novel, non-aggressive stimulus male, an effect called conditioned defeat. Recently, it was shown that females do not show the same level of conditioned defeat (Huhman, Solomon, Janicki, Harmon, Lin, Israel, and Jasnow, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant–subordinate relationships in hamsters: Sex differences in reactions to familiar opponents

Bath

Johnston

2007

Hormones and Behavior

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In the majority of mammalian species, males are dominant over and more aggressive than females. In contrast, some reports suggest that female golden hamsters are more aggressive than males but systematic comparisons using the same methods for both sexes are rare. We observed same-sexed pairs of hamsters over repeated trials to assess whether sex differences existed in the level of agonistic behavior and in the development and maintenance of dominant-subordinate relationships with familiar partners. There were no sex differences in measures of agonistic behavior or fear responses (fleeing) during the initial series of three trials on the first day of testing. Following a four-day interval, males that had lost in session 1 showed fearful responses to a familiar dominant male and were not likely to engage in a fight with him. In contrast, females that lost the initial fights were not fearful and fought vigorously with the familiar winner in subsequent encounters. Although the amount of agonistic behavior engaged in by females did decrease over the course of the three sessions, females that lost did not demonstrate an increase in fear, as measured by the latency to flee. Males that lost fights did show increased fear during later trials and sessions. These results suggest that female hamsters are less affected by losing fights than males are and thus that females are less likely than males to develop highly polarized dominant-subordinate relationships. Further work is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these sex differences.

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Conditioned defeat in the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

Cited by 125 publications

References 21 publications

A single social defeat reduces aggression in a highly aggressive strain of Drosophila

A single social defeat reduces aggression in a highly aggressive strain of Drosophila

An endocannabinoid signaling system modulates anxiety-like behavior in male Syrian hamsters

Dominant–subordinate relationships in hamsters: Sex differences in reactions to familiar opponents

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