Conditioned Attention Theory

Lubow, R. E.; Weiner, Ina; Schnur, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60171-1

Cited by 155 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

108

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The latter could be due to the higher dose used by Moore et al as also in the present study, the highest dose spared LI, or could reflect species differences (Moore et al used rabbits). The fact that scopolamine acts selectively in the PE groups, and that this action is exerted in the pre-exposure stage, implies that muscarinic blockade attenuates the normal loss of attention to the stimulus occurring during nonreinforced pre-exposure (Lubow et al, 1981), in line with extensive evidence implicating the cholinergic system in attentional processes (see Blokland, 1995;Hasselmo and McGaughy, 2004;Mirza and Stolerman, 2000;Sarter et al, 2003Sarter et al, , 1999Sarter et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…LI is commonly considered to index the ability to ignore stimuli that predicted no significant consequences in the past and has been used extensively to model cognitive impairments in schizophrenia (Weiner, 1990(Weiner, , 2000(Weiner, , 2003. It has been suggested that LI stems from the reduced attention to, or the associability of, the pre-exposed (PE) stimulus, which reduces the effectiveness with which it enters into an association with reinforcement (Lubow et al, 1981;Lubow, 1989). An alternative explanation posits that the acquisition of an association between the PE CS and the absence of a significant consequence during preexposure interferes with the subsequent expression (Gray et al, 1995a;Weiner, 1990Weiner, , 2003 or retrieval (Bouton, 1993) of the CS-reinforcement association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Scopolamine Induces Disruption of Latent Inhibition which is Prevented by Antipsychotic Drugs and an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Barak

Weiner

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fact that muscarinic antagonists may evoke a psychotic state ('antimuscarinic psychosis'), along with findings of cholinergic alterations in schizophrenia, have kindled an interest in the involvement of the cholinergic system in this disorder. Latent inhibition (LI) is a crossspecies phenomenon manifested as a poorer conditioning of a stimulus seen when the stage of conditioning is preceded by a stage of repeated nonreinforced pre-exposure to that stimulus, and is considered to index the capacity to ignore irrelevant stimuli. Amphetamine-induced LI disruption and its reversal by antipsychotic drugs (APDs) is a well-established model of positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Here, we tested whether the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine would disrupt LI and whether such disruption would be reversed by APDs and by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine. The results showed that scopolamine at doses of 0.15 and 0.5 mg/kg disrupted LI, and that this effect was due to the action of the drug in the pre-exposure stage, suggesting a role of muscarinic transmission in attentional processes underlying LI. Both the typical and the atypical APDs, haloperidol and clozapine, reversed scopolamine-induced LI disruption when given in conditioning or in both stages, but not in pre-exposure, indicating that the mechanism of antipsychotic action in this model is independent of the mechanism of action of the propsychotic drug. Scopolamine-induced LI disruption was reversed by physostigmine (0.05 and 0.15 mg/kg), which was ineffective in reversing amphetamine-induced LI disruption, pointing to distinct mechanisms underlying LI disruption by these two propsychotic drugs. The latter was further supported by the finding that unlike amphetamine, the LI-disrupting doses of scopolamine did not affect activity levels. We propose scopolamine-induced LI disruption as a model of cholinergic-related positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2007) 32, 989-999.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scopolamine Induces Disruption of Latent Inhibition which is Prevented by Antipsychotic Drugs and an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Barak

Weiner

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…theoretical perspectives as a result of an external inhibition process induced by context novelty (Lubow, Weiner, & Schnur, 1981;Schmajuk, Lam, and Gray, 1996), as the result of an association established between the preexposure context and the preexposed stimulus (Miller, Kasprow, & Schachtman, 1986;Wagner, 1978Wagner, , 1981, or as the result of the contextual control over a stimulusno consequence association established during non-reinforced stimulus presentations at the preexposure stage (Bouton, 1993;Hall & Rodriguez, 2010).…”

Section: Effects Of Context On Latent Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the effects of context change and context familiarity on Latent Inhibition with a Conditioned Taste Aversion procedure

Casa

Mena

Orgaz

et al. 2013

Learning and Motivation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…It has been suggested that LI stems from the development of selective attention away from the pre-exposed stimulus, thus diminishes the perceived salience of the CS during conditioning (Mackintosh, 1975a;Lubow et al, 1981;Lubow, 1989). LI has also been attributed to the acquisition of an association between the to-be-conditioned CS with the absence of a significant consequence during pre-exposure, which later interferes with either the subsequent expression (Gray et al, 1991Weiner, 1990Weiner, , 2003 or retrieval (Bouton, 1993;Kraemer and Spear, 1992) of the CS-US association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the CS- and US-Pre-Exposure Effects in the Conditioned Taste Aversion Paradigm and Their Abolition Following Systemic Amphetamine Treatment in C57BL6/J Mice

Meyer

Chang

Feldon

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In classical conditioning, pre-exposures to either the to-be-conditioned stimulus (CS) or unconditioned stimulus (US) can retard subsequent conditioning between the CS and US. The present experiment evaluated the expression of these two pre-exposure effects in mice of the C57BL6/J strain, one of the most common background strains for genetically altered mice. We tested whether their expression would be disrupted by amphetamine treatment (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in a conditioned taste aversion paradigm with sucrose as the CS and lithium chloride-induced gastric malaise as the US. We found that one pre-exposure (PE) to either the CS or the US reduced aversion to sucrose solution in the controls following conditioning, but no such tendency was evident in the amphetamine-treated mice. The present study represents the first report of amphetamine-induced disruption of the CS-PE effect (ie latent inhibition) in mice, and the first attempt to compare it directly with the US-PE effect in any species. It extended previous reports in rats and humans, suggesting that the sensitivity of latent inhibition to amphetamine is largely comparable across species, thereby lending credence to the use of the latent inhibition effect as a behavioral assay for psychotic-like phenotype in transgenic mice. The parallel observation in the US-PE effect further indicates that its expression, at least in the present conditioned taste aversion paradigm, may also be under similar influence of the dopaminergic system.

show abstract

Conditioned Attention Theory

Cited by 155 publications

References 88 publications

Scopolamine Induces Disruption of Latent Inhibition which is Prevented by Antipsychotic Drugs and an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Scopolamine Induces Disruption of Latent Inhibition which is Prevented by Antipsychotic Drugs and an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Disentangling the effects of context change and context familiarity on Latent Inhibition with a Conditioned Taste Aversion procedure

Expression of the CS- and US-Pre-Exposure Effects in the Conditioned Taste Aversion Paradigm and Their Abolition Following Systemic Amphetamine Treatment in C57BL6/J Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About