2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203716
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Conditional specification of endomesoderm

Abstract: Early in animal development many cells are conditionally specified based on observations that those cells can be directed toward alternate fates. The endomesoderm is so named because early specification produces cells that often have been observed to simultaneously express both early endoderm and mesoderm transcription factors. Experiments with these cells demonstrate that their progeny can directed entirely toward endoderm or mesoderm, whereas normally they establish both germ layers. This review examines the… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…In echinoderms, the early β-catenin-dependent specification of the endomesodermal domain is followed by the segregation of the endoderm from the mesoderm, and the subsequent Wnt-dependent PA patterning. In the endoderm, β-catenin signaling remains strong, while in the mesoderm β-catenin signaling becomes suppressed (Lhomond et al, 2012; Logan et al, 1999; McCauley et al, 2015; McClay et al, 2021; Range et al, 2013; Sun et al, 2021; Wikramanayake et al, 1998; Wikramanayake et al, 2004). A similar sequence of events – the early β-catenin-dependent definition of the future endodermal domain, the formation of the boundary between the β-catenin-sensitive future oral ectoderm and the β- catenin-insensitive future endoderm, and the subsequent Wnt-dependent OA patterning of the ectoderm also occurs in Nematostella , and these events seem to follow the same regulatory logic as described for the sea urchin.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In echinoderms, the early β-catenin-dependent specification of the endomesodermal domain is followed by the segregation of the endoderm from the mesoderm, and the subsequent Wnt-dependent PA patterning. In the endoderm, β-catenin signaling remains strong, while in the mesoderm β-catenin signaling becomes suppressed (Lhomond et al, 2012; Logan et al, 1999; McCauley et al, 2015; McClay et al, 2021; Range et al, 2013; Sun et al, 2021; Wikramanayake et al, 1998; Wikramanayake et al, 2004). A similar sequence of events – the early β-catenin-dependent definition of the future endodermal domain, the formation of the boundary between the β-catenin-sensitive future oral ectoderm and the β- catenin-insensitive future endoderm, and the subsequent Wnt-dependent OA patterning of the ectoderm also occurs in Nematostella , and these events seem to follow the same regulatory logic as described for the sea urchin.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We also assayed for EMGRN gene expression in Sp5 morphants compared to control morpholino injected embryos at the mesenchyme blastula stage when the endoderm and mesoderm GRNs have segregated from one another. 14 , 33 , 44 We again found downregulated expression of gata4/5/6 , blimp1 and eve but also foxa, which was unaffected at the 120-cell stage ( Figures 3 Ba–d and f–i, S3 Da–d, S3Df–I, and S4 A). Conversely, Sp5 morphant embryos showed otx upregulation at this stage ( Figures 3 Be, j, S3 De, j, and S4 A).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…The sea urchin EMGRN is one of the best characterized GRNs of any organism. 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 Currently, it consists of a hierarchical network of 16 TFs and several signaling components (e.g., Wnt1, Wnt8) that drive the differentiation gene batteries responsible for larval endoderm and mesoderm cells. 14 , 37 , 38 During late cleavage and early blastula stages many early endoderm GRN TFs are broadly co-expressed throughout the newly specified endoderm territory and excluded from the mesoderm territory around the apex of the posterior/vegetal pole.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Nonetheless, labs leveraging the developing urchin embryo as a model have benefitted from perturbation approaches using reverse genetics. Those approaches uncovered an extensive gene regulatory network (GRN) governing early specification and morphogenetic events up to the larval stage (Davidson et al, 2002;Davidson and Erwin, 2006;McClay, 2011;Peter and Davidson, 2015;Martik et al, 2016;McClay et al, 2021;Massri et al, 2023). While much has been learned about GRNs and other governing events in development, the diversity of perturbing reagents available historically has been limited in this system.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%