Conditional reasoning with a spatial content requires visuo-spatial working memory

Duyck, Wouter; Vandierendonck, André; Vooght, Gino De

doi:10.1080/1354678034000259

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Plasticity refers to the capacity to reorganise in a new way the available spatial information. Tasks involving spatial inferences are often used in studies about abstract spatial reasoning (e.g., Pears & Bryant, 1990;Duyck, Vandierendonck, & De Vooght, 2003). Instead, we refer to concrete behaviours (such as taking shortcuts) that require retrieval of spatial information from long-term memory, generation of visuo-spatial images in short-term memory, and manipulation of these images to infer the new information.…”

Section: Gender Differences In Remembering and Inferring Spatial Distmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in remembering and inferring spatial distances

Ruggiero

Sergi

Iachini

2008

Memory

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The abilities of males and females to make spatial inferences were compared. Spatial inference is concerned with the ability to work out new spatial information from memory. In two experiments, participants had to study line drawings depicting shapes linked either by straight or meandering lines. Afterwards, they had to remember the straight-line distances or to infer the straight-line distances. Several spatial abilities were also assessed: perceptual discrimination, mental rotation, and visuo-spatial working memory span. The results showed that males outperformed females in spatial inference and mental rotation. Experiment 2 extended the study to old people. The results replicated and clarified those obtained in Experiment 1. Spatial inference and mental rotation showed age-related and gender-related differences; in addition, age reduced the visuo-spatial memory span. Overall, the findings suggest that gender differences favouring males are maximised with tasks requiring active processing and strategic control of metric information.

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Section: Gender Differences In Remembering and Inferring Spatial Distmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in remembering and inferring spatial distances

Ruggiero

Sergi

Iachini

2008

Memory

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“…Neste âmbito diversas investigações dão suporte à teoria dos modelos mentais, quer no domínio do raciocínio temporal (e.g., Dierckx, Vandierendonck, & Pandelaere, 2003;Quelhas, Johnson-Laird, & Juhos, 2010, Exp. 4;Schaeken & Johnson-Laird, 2000;Schaeken, Johnson-Laird, & d'Ydewalle, 1996a,b;Vandierendonck & De Vooght, 1996), quer no domínio do raciocínio espacial (e.g., Byrne & Johnson-Laird, 1989;Carreiras & Santamaria, 1997;Duyck, Vandierendonck, & De Vooght, 2003;Van der Henst, 1999;Vandierendonck & De Vooght, 1996).…”

Section: Inferências Relacionais (Temporal E Espacial)unclassified

A psicologia cognitiva e o estudo do raciocínio dedutivo no último meio século

Quelhas

Juhos

2014

Análise Psicológica

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Para assinalar os 50 anos de ensino da Psicologia em Portugal, ou seja, o nascimento do ISPA, iremos reflectir sobre este meio século de estudos e trabalhos no âmbito da psicologia cognitiva, nomeadamente no domínio do raciocínio dedutivo, revendo as principais tarefas utilizadas para o estudar, bem como as principais teorias psicológicas que o explicam. Na parte final, apresentaremos o nosso contributo mais recente neste domínio. É na segunda metade do séc. XX que acontece a chamada revolução cognitiva, pelo que a sua história é quase concomitante com a da psicologia em Portugal. É nos anos 50 que surgem os pioneiros da psicologia cognitiva, marcando uma enorme distância conceptual relativamente ao comportamentalismo. O interesse já não é o da mera descrição de regularidades, mas sim o de compreender os fenómenos psicológicos, voltando a colocar no seu vocabulário científico tudo o que o comportamentalista Watson (1930) havia retirado, por considerar termos subjectivos, ou mesmo concepções medievais (e.g., percepção, imagem, propósito, pensamento, emoção). Apesar de a Psicanálise ter já há muito tempo realçado o papel dos processos que não são imediatamente observáveis na vida psicológica, é só com o ressurgimento da psicologia cognitiva que os processos mentais voltam a ser o objecto da Psicologia. Se falamos em ressurgimento é porque o interesse sobre os processos mentais é anterior à época do comportamentalismo, mas ficou como que obscurecido durante algumas décadas. Embora, como refere Miller (2003), o interesse pela mente nunca desapareceu da psicologia social ou clínica, e apenas os experimentalistas americanos é que acreditavam que o comportamentalismo funcionaria. Palavras 359A correspondência relativa a este artigo deverá ser enviada para: Ana Cristina Quelhas, ISPA -Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa.

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“…The principle of truth reduces the processing load on working memory, and, as Vandierendonck claimed, evidence shows that inferences that depend on multiple models are more difficult than those that depend on a single mental model (see Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991;Duyck, et al, 2003). But, the principle of truth also predicts a striking phenomenon.…”

Section: Mental Models and The Modulation Of Connectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…André Vandierendonck has played an important part in this story. he showed how reasoning about spatial and temporal relations depends, not on formal rules, but on mental models (Vandierendonck & De Vooght, 1996), which can be annotated with symbols to represent indeterminacies (e.g., Vandierendonck, Dierckx, & De Vooght, 2004), and which are affected both by the constraints of working memory (e.g., Vandierendonck & De Vooght, 1997;Duyck, Vandierendonck, & De Vooght, 2003) and by reasoners' strategies (e.g., Dierckx, Vandierendonck, & Pandelaere, 2003). And so my aim in this chapter -as a way of thanking André both for his research and for his kindness to me -is to consider a major weakness in the hypothesis of mental logic, one that has nagged away at me for years.…”

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confidence: 99%

Against Logical Form

Johnson‐Laird

2010

PSYCHOL BELG

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, for help and encouragement over the years. The paper is dedicated to André Vandierendonck, a stalwart investigator of mental models. AbstractAn old view in logic going back to Aristotle is that an inference is valid in virtue of its logical form. Many psychologists have adopted the same point of view about human reasoning: the first step is to recover the logical form of an inference, and the second step is to apply rules of inference that match these forms in order to prove that the conclusion follows from the premises. The present paper argues against this idea. The logical form of an inference transcends the grammatical forms of the sentences used to express it, because logical form also depends on context. Context is not readily expressed in additional premises. And the recovery of logical form leads ineluctably to the need for infinitely many axioms to capture the logical properties of relations. An alternative theory is that reasoning depends on mental models, and this theory obviates the need to recover logical form. introduction

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Conditional reasoning with a spatial content requires visuo-spatial working memory

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Gender differences in remembering and inferring spatial distances

Gender differences in remembering and inferring spatial distances

A psicologia cognitiva e o estudo do raciocínio dedutivo no último meio século

Against Logical Form

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