Conditional Equilibrium Constants Reviewed

Miguel, Eduardo Rodríguez de San; González-Albarrán, René; Rojas-Challa, Yahsé

doi:10.1080/10408347.2021.1977609

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The main advantages of Ringbom’s approach are the following: It transforms a scheme of many simultaneous reactions into a unique reaction, the conditional equilibrium. The value of Ringbom’s side reaction coefficients and of the conditional constant offers relevant information about the effect of the side reactions on the main reaction and the net shift of the latter. Ringbom’s approach very well illustrates Le Châtelier’s principle since side reactions have an effect of equilibrium shift by varying the concentration of the reactants and products of the main reaction. Calculation of Ringbom’s side reaction coefficients and of the conditional constant imply the use of fixed concentrations (buffered media) of the chemical species that cause the side reactions considered so that the mathematical complexity is greatly reduced . Also, a graphical representation of log K ′ or E 0 ′ vs pH or another variable can be easily drawn and would give a wide outlook of the behavior of the system under study for established buffered conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculation of Ringbom’s side reaction coefficients and of the conditional constant imply the use of fixed concentrations (buffered media) of the chemical species that cause the side reactions considered so that the mathematical complexity is greatly reduced . Also, a graphical representation of log K ′ or E 0 ′ vs pH or another variable can be easily drawn and would give a wide outlook of the behavior of the system under study for established buffered conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spreadsheet Methodology for the Calculation of Equilibrium Diagrams Including Precipitation Reactions and Formation of Mixed Ligand and Polynuclear Hydroxo Complexes

Briones-Guerash S.,

García-Mendoza,

Aguilar-Cordero

2023

J. Chem. Educ.

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Solution equilibria diagrams are excellent tools for understanding chemical speciation in multireaction chemical systems. They are usually plotted using software packages that efficiently perform advanced calculations, giving the possibility to graphically visualize thermodynamic and composition information. However, this approach frequently leaves the students with a poor understanding of the underlying theory. In this work, a simple method that uses extended Ringbom’s side reaction coefficients, named the Method of Extended Ringbom’s Coefficients (MERC), is proposed for plotting distribution and predominance diagrams using Excel, such that when the formation of mixed ligand and polynuclear species is considered, the mass balance equation is solved by applying a simple numerical recipe based on Newton–Raphson’s technique using circular references. If precipitation reactions are considered, then a corrected conditional solubility is used to study chemical equilibria in saturated or unsaturated solutions, by simply using the IF conditional function of Excel. The wide scope of this methodology is shown by studying the speciation and analysis of the redox properties of the Cu(II)/Cu(I)/Cu system in aqueous media in the presence of ammonia, thiosulfate ions, and EDTA under different multibuffered conditions. Also, the learning achievements of two examples of the application of MERC in the classroom are discussed.

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