Condition of mineralized tooth tissue in a population of 15-year-old adolescents living in a region of Ukraine with slightly exceeded fluorine concentration in the water

Abstract

Introduction. Fluorine is a common element in nature; however, the difference between a beneficial dose and a toxic dose for the organisms is small. The main source of fluoride for humans is water in addition to food. Objective. The aim of this study was to estimate the degree of severity of pathological changes, namely, caries or fluorosis, in the mineralized tooth tissue of 15-year-old adolescents with respect to their hygienic and nutritional habits, and the content of fluorine in drinking water, soil and plant products. Materials and method. 100 adolescents aged 15 from schools in Sosniłka, L'viv region, were examined. The condition of mineralized tooth tissue was evaluated by the caries severity, expressed by the mean number D3MFT, caries frequency and value of the SIC index. Fluorine in plant material and soil were determined according to the PN-G-04543:1982 standard, and water according to the PN-EN ISO 10304-1: 2009+ AC: 2012 standard. Results. Severity of caries disease expressed by the D3MFT number in the examined group of 15-year-olds was 3.39; in the group of girls-3.08, and in the group of boys-3.76. In the examined group, the average number of teeth with fluorosis was 7.59. Value of the SIC index among the examined population of students (n-31) was 6.26: 5.89 (n-18) for girls and 7.31 (n-13) for boys. Fluorine concentration in the water was 0.78-1.25(mg•dm-3). In the soil, it also did not vary across the sampled areas and amounted, on average, to 176 mg•dm-3. The biggest fluorine content noted in the dry mass of beetroots was 3.50 (mg F• kg), and the lowest-3.34 (mg F• kg). Conclusions. Close to optimal fluorine content lowers caries severity and frequency of fluorosis. Optimal fluorine content in drinking water and food does not require additional diet supplementation

Fluoride Toxicity Limit—Can the Element Exert a Positive Effect on Plants?

“…Antagonistic reactions between F and Cu concentrations in lettuce plants were reported by Senkondo et al [53]. Roots of beet plants were reported to have a fluoride level of 3.41 at the soil content of 176 mg•dm −3 [54]. An almost 10-fold higher level of this element, i.e., 29.04 mg•kg −1 , was reported in other studies [55].…”