Condition Dependence of Sexual Ornament Size and Variation in the Stalk-Eyed Fly Cyrtodiopsis Dalmanni (Diptera: Diopsidae)

Cotton, Samuel; Fowler, Kevin; Pomiankowski, Andrew

doi:10.1554/03-514

Cited by 44 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…We found that jaw width, a trait important for bite force and male combat, and dewlap size, a trait important for sexual signaling, are condition‐dependent at least for ground anoles (in addition to mixed evidence for jaw width in slender anoles, Table ). While natural selection can influence the evolution of condition‐dependent traits (Johnstone et al., ), naturally selected traits tend to express condition dependence more weakly than sexually selected traits (Bonduriansky & Rowe, ; Cotton et al., ). In our study, we found no relationship between body condition and either jaw length or sprint speed in either species, which could indicate a relatively greater contribution of natural selection, rather than sexual selection, in governing the evolution of these two traits in both ground anoles and slender anoles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although condition dependence is most often studied in the context of sexual selection, it is possible for traits to be condition‐dependent as a result of natural selection, and some argue that most traits exhibit condition dependence to some extent (Johnstone et al., ). Nevertheless, condition dependence has been shown to be more weakly expressed in nonsexual traits (Bonduriansky & Rowe, ; Cotton, Fowler, & Pomiankowski, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Condition dependence of shared traits differs between sympatricAnolislizards

et al. 2017

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In many species, sexually selected combat and display traits can confer dramatic fitness benefits to males by aiding in mate acquisition, so individuals maximally invest energy into their growth and maintenance. Such traits are deemed condition-dependent, as the energy that is available for investment depends on the health and condition of the individual. Condition dependence is present in a wide range of traits across many taxa, but the extent to which condition dependence varies among shared traits in closely related species is poorly understood. We tested for condition dependence in two Anolis lizards, the ground anole (Anolis humilis) and the slender anole (Anolis limifrons). Specifically, we measured dewlap area, jaw length, jaw width, and sprint speed, and then regressed one of two indices of body condition on each of these traits for both species. We found that dewlap area and jaw width exhibited condition dependence in ground anoles, but not in slender anoles. Sprint speed and jaw length were not condition-dependent in either species. The presence of condition dependence in ground anoles, but not slender anoles, implies evolutionary liability in the condition dependence of shared traits. Additionally, the fact that condition dependence was only detected in ground anoles, which have a greater relative dewlap size, suggests a potential role for signal evolution or strength of sexual selection in the evolution of condition dependence. Finally, our research suggests that variation in condition dependence of sexually selected traits could have implications for the evolution of dewlap diversity among Anolis species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition dependence of shared traits differs between sympatricAnolislizards

et al. 2017

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“…Almost two decades has been spent empirically testing this core prediction, and many examples now exist in a range of species showing that male sexual traits show condition‐dependent expression (Cotton et al ., ; Hunt et al ., ; Tomkins et al ., ). The most common approach used in empirical studies to experimentally manipulate condition is to vary diet quantity and/or the caloric content of the diet (Cotton et al ., ; Tomkins et al ., ). This approach, however, has two main limitations when studying the condition dependence of male sexual traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The complex interplay between macronutrient intake, cuticular hydrocarbon expression and mating success in male decorated crickets

Rapkin

Jensen

House

et al. 2017

J of Evolutionary Biology

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The condition dependence of male sexual traits plays a central role in sexual selection theory. Relatively little, however, is known about the condition dependence of chemical signals used in mate choice and their subsequent effects on male mating success. Furthermore, few studies have isolated the specific nutrients responsible for condition-dependent variation in male sexual traits. Here, we used nutritional geometry to determine the effect of protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) intake on male cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) expression and mating success in male decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus). We show that both traits are maximized at a moderate-to-high intake of nutrients in a P:C ratio of 1 : 1.5. We also show that female precopulatory mate choice exerts a complex pattern of linear and quadratic sexual selection on this condition-dependent variation in male CHC expression. Structural equation modelling revealed that although the effect of nutrient intake on mating success is mediated through condition-dependent CHC expression, it is not exclusively so, suggesting that other traits must also play an important role. Collectively, our results suggest that the complex interplay between nutrient intake, CHC expression and mating success plays an important role in the operation of sexual selection in G. sigillatus.

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“…We found that the use of green plants, leaves, flowers and aromatic herbs in nests is positively related to both sexual size dimorphism and cavity nesting in starlings. The use of green nesting material among sexually dimorphic species supports the idea that this behaviour is involved in sexual selection (Moore, ; Dunn et al ., ; Cotton et al ., ; Ford, ; Bonduriansky & Rowe, ; Emlen et al ., ). This result is consistent with experimental studies in two species of starlings showing that the amount of plants carried by males plays a role in mate attraction (Brouwer & Komdeur, ) and is positively related to male mating status (Veiga et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Here, we attempt to understand the relative importance of natural and sexual selection in modulating the evolution of an extended phenotypic trait involved in sexual signalling, the presence of green nesting material among starling species. Based upon the assumption that sexual size dimorphism reflects the intensity of sexual selection and sex‐specific selective pressures (Moore, ; Dunn et al ., ; Cotton et al ., ; Ford, ; Bonduriansky & Rowe, ; Rubenstein & Lovette, ) and that cavity nests are more prone to be infested with ectoparasites and bacteria (Collias & Collias, ; Marshall, ; see also Clark & Mason, ; Scott‐Baumann & Morgan, ), we tested the predictions that (i) the use of nonstructural green nesting material is more frequent among sexually dimorphic species and (ii) green nesting material evolved as a sanitary behaviour, thus being more prevalent among cavity‐nesting species, group‐living species and/or species living in humid habitats, which typically are more susceptible to contagion and transmission of parasites (Rózsa et al ., ; Piersma, ; Heeb et al ., ; Moyer et al ., ; Tella, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and natural selection in the evolution of extended phenotypes: the use of green nesting material in starlings

Rubalcaba

Polo

Maia

et al. 2016

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Although sexual selection is typically considered the predominant force driving the evolution of ritualized sexual behaviours, natural selection may also play an important and often underappreciated role. The use of green aromatic plants among nesting birds has been interpreted as a component of extended phenotype that evolved either via natural selection due to potential sanitary functions or via sexual selection as a signal of male attractiveness. Here, we compared both hypotheses using comparative methods in starlings, a group where this behaviour is widespread. We found that the use of green plants was positively related to male-biased size dimorphism and that it was most likely to occur among cavity-nesting species. These results suggest that this behaviour is likely favoured by sexual selection, but also related to its sanitary use in response to higher parasite loads in cavities. We speculate that the use of green plants in starlings may be facilitated by cavity nesting and was subsequently co-opted as a sexual signal by males. Our results represent an example of how an extended phenotypic component of males becomes sexually selected by females. Thus, both natural selection and sexual selection are necessary to fully understand the evolution of ritualized behaviours involved in courtship.

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Condition Dependence of Sexual Ornament Size and Variation in the Stalk-Eyed Fly Cyrtodiopsis Dalmanni (Diptera: Diopsidae)

Cited by 44 publications

References 46 publications

Condition dependence of shared traits differs between sympatricAnolislizards

Condition dependence of shared traits differs between sympatricAnolislizards

The complex interplay between macronutrient intake, cuticular hydrocarbon expression and mating success in male decorated crickets

Sexual and natural selection in the evolution of extended phenotypes: the use of green nesting material in starlings

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