Condições de vida, trabalho e saúde mental: um estudo com trabalhadores brasileiros e espanhóis que atuam em serviço de limpeza hospitalar

Abstract

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é comparar as condições de vida, trabalho e saúde, com ênfase na saúde mental, de trabalhadores do serviço de limpeza (SL) hospitalar terceirizados da Espanha e do Brasil. Pesquisa quantitativa, transversal realizada em dois hospitais gerais, públicos, sendo um numa cidade no centro-oeste paulista e o outro em uma a sudoeste da Península Ibérica. Foram entrevistados 78 trabalhadores do hospital brasileiro e 39 do espanhol, utilizando-se de um roteiro com dados das condições de vida, de saúde e de trabalho, incluindo alguns questionários já validados como Job Content Questionnaire e o Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Os trabalhadores espanhóis são mais velhos, de cor branca e com renda familiar maior, apresentam escores do SRQ-20 menores em todas as dimensões. Eles fumam mais, têm maior déficit de visão e alergias, trabalham há mais tempo na mesma atividade, com carga horária menor e não contam com dois empregos. Além disso, quase quarenta por cento deles consideram ter autonomia no trabalho. Trabalhadores brasileiros se encontram em condições de vida, trabalho e saúde mental mais precarizadas. Alguns aspectos das condições de saúde foram piores entre os espanhóis, o que provavelmente pode ter ocorrido devido a idade mais avançada dos mesmos.

Social, health, and working conditions among hospital workers

“…A questionnaire was made up of open and closed questions: a) identification: age, sex, marital status, skin color and education; b) socioeconomic data: individual monthly income supported by the current minimum wage of R $ 937.00 (nine hundred and thirty-seven reais), grouped domestic activities (I do the least part/share and do the most part) and, finally, Economic Classification Brazil Criteria (11) (CCEB -Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil), adopted to classify the population into socioeconomic strata in Class A, B1, B2, C1, C2 and D-E; c) lifestyle: cigarette consumption (yes/no), leisure being able to obtain more than one answer, physical activities measured through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) being active (> 150 minutes/week with at least moderate activity), non-active (<150 minutes/week, considering activities performed at work as well) (12) and participation in conflicts involving family members or co-workers grouped, rarely or frequently (13) ; d) health conditions: reported health problems (assessed by means of a list of diseases with more than one answer), regular use of medications (yes/no), presence of common mental disorders (CMD) assessed from the Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20), (translated and validated for use in Brazil by Mari and Williams (14) with twenty dichotomous responses (yes/no). The cut-off point for the identification of CMD was six or more positive responses for men and eight or more for women (15)(16)(17) and Body Mass Index (BMI) based on the reported weight and height, later classified as obese with BMI greater than or equal to 30. Self-perceived health status was collected by asking: in general, compared to people your age, how do you consider your state of health?…”

“…Self-perceived health status was collected by asking: in general, compared to people your age, how do you consider your state of health? The answers were very bad/bad/regular, good/ very good, being grouped in negative and positive, respectively; e) working conditions: time, working period, overtime at the institution, having another job, occupational accidents at the institution (yes/no) and type of accident (16)(17) .…”

“…The physical demand is made up of physical effort, speed, excessive amount of tasks and physically uncomfortable position in carrying out the tasks. The "control" dimension comprises the use of skills, makes it possible to learn new things, creativity, repetitiveness, variety of tasks, individual special skills and decision-making authority, influences both with its group of workers and in the institution's management policy (16)(17)(18) . The sum of the items related to the demand and the controller was performed according to the recommended model (19) .…”

“…For dichotomization of control (low/ high) and demand (low/high), a cut-off point was established in the mean, which, in this study, was 31 for both, according to the Job Content Questionnaire User's Guide recommendations (19)(20) . Indicators were built from the grouping of variables in the questionnaire, as proposed by Karasek, which consider occupational stress when demands at work exceed the response conditions of workers and the level of control available (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) . The results of the JCQ allow us to constitute four different situations that involve work: 1) high demand: it comprises high demand and low control; 2) active work: it comprises high demand and high control; 3) passive work: it comprises low demand and low control; 4) low demand: composes low demand and high control (17)(18)(19)(20)(21) .…”

Psychological Health Assessment Model of Enterprise Employees Based on DNN Technology

“…When it is used to classify two types of patterns, it is equivalent to separating two types of samples with a hyperplane in a highdimensional sample space. It has been proved that if the two input patterns are linearly separable sets, that is, there is a hyperplane that can separate them, then the algorithm must converge [14]. If the input pattern is a linear indivisible set, the single-layer perceptron cannot classify correctly.…”