Condensed tannin-amended cassava silage: fermentation characteristics, degradation kinetics and<i>in-vitro</i>gas production with rumen liquor

Nascimento, T. V. C.; Bezerra, Leílson Rocha; Menezes, Daniel Ribeiro; Lucena, Alita Ruth Ferraz de; Queiróz, Mário Adriano Ávila; Trajano, J.S.; Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes

doi:10.1017/s0021859617000867

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Despite the loss of protein after ensiling SL, there was no difference in the NH 3 N content between FV and SL silages. Instead, other products of protein degradation may have been generated [52], which were not measured in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Effect of Ensiling on the Nutritional Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Brown Seaweeds as a Ruminant Feed Ingredient

Campbell

Ortuño

Ford

et al. 2020

Animals

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Ensiling could be an effective method to preserve seaweeds for animal feed applications, however, there is limited scientific knowledge in this area. Seaweeds are a promising ruminant feed ingredient, in part due to the content of phenolic compounds, which are receiving considerable interest as alternative antimicrobial agents in feed. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of ensiling on the nutritional composition and fermentation characteristics of two brown seaweed species, Fucus vesiculosus (FV) and Saccharina latissimi (SL) with or without the use of a Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB) inoculant. The effect of ensiling on the stability of phlorotannin was also investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). After harvesting, the seaweeds were wilted for 24 h and subsequently ensiled in laboratory-scaled silos for 90 days. SL silage showed a stronger fermentation pattern (pH < 4), dominated by lactic acid (50–60 g/kg Dry Matter (DM)), and a slightly higher acetic acid content compared to FV silages (p < 0.05). The fermentability of FV was limited (pH > 4.8) with low lactic acid production (<5 g/kg DM). The addition of the LAB inoculant showed no effect on the fermentation process but a modest effect on the chemical composition of both species was observed after the 90-day ensiling period. The results showed no losses in the nutrient content of FV after ensiling, however losses in the Crude Protein (CP, −32%), ash (−36%), Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, −77%) and Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF, −58%) content of SL were observed. The ensiling process had a limited effect on the in vitro true dry matter digestibility and phenolic content of either species. Therefore, ensilage may be a suitable preservation method for the use of brown seaweeds as a ruminant feed; however, species-specific differences were observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Effect of Ensiling on the Nutritional Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Brown Seaweeds as a Ruminant Feed Ingredient

Campbell

Ortuño

Ford

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Moreover, ammonia shows high affinity with water, thus forming a weak base, ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH). The high affinity of ammonia with water promotes cell wall expansion and rupture of the fibrous tissue components of the forage ensiled with urea (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To minimise this effect, additives with antifungal properties are used to reduce yeast populations and increase aerobic stability in silage (4,25). Previous studies have focused on the reduction of losses during ensiling and after opening the silo, using chemical additives (16,27). Urea, used as chemical additive, in silages can be converted into ammonia since it undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of moisture and under urease activity (enzyme catalyst) of plants and microorganisms, producing two molecules of ammonia and carbon dioxide (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of urea on gas and effluent losses, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical compositivo of corn (Zea mays L.) silage

Santos

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Rev.FCA UNCUYO

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We evaluated the effects of urea addition on gas and effluent losses, fermentation profile, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical composition of corn silages. A completely randomised design with five levels of urea (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% based on dry matter) and five replicates was used. A decreasing linear effect of urea levels on effluent losses in corn silages was observed. In parallel, an increasing linear effect of urea levels on pH, increasing from 3.49 to 4.12 in silages without urea in relation to silages with the maximum urea level, was also observed. Urea addition improved the aerobic stability of the silages, with 62 h for the silages without urea and from 90 to >96 h for the silages with urea. Based on the results of the principal components, two groups (I and II) could be distinguished. The most discriminating variables in group I were dry matter (-0.9), pH (-1.2) and lactic acid bacteria (-0.9), while in group II, effluent losses (1.0), ethanol (1.0), acetic acid (0.8) and gas losses (0.8) were most important. The use of urea at inclusion levels of around 2% in corn silage reduced gas losses, improved the nutritive value and promote the aerobic stability of silages. Highlights: The addition of urea in the corn silages increased the pH values from 3.49 (control) to 4.12 (2% of urea DM). The use of urea improved chemical composition of corn silages. The addition of urea reduced the moulds and yeast populations in the corn silages after exposure to air. Urea addition improved the aerobic stability of the corn silages.

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“…The amount of ammoniacal nitrogen present in the silages is a form of observation of proteolytic activity, being an indirect indicator of clostridial activity, and that may contribute to the elevation of silage pH 24 . According to McDonald et al 22 , high concentrations of total N-NH 3 are above 10% and in general these high concentrations are due to the slow fall of the pH in general and indicate poorly fermented silages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed silages of cactus pear and gliricidia: chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, microbial population and aerobic stability

Brito

Santos

Araújo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, profile and fermentative losses, microbial population and the aerobic stability of mixed silages of cactus pear and gliricidia. the treatments corresponded to the addition levels of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud), in the silages of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica Mill.), at ratios 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% gliricidia. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression to evaluate the effect of the addition levels of gliricidia. the average related to the opening days were compared by the tukey's test and the average hours of exposure to air were compared by the Student's t-test. the addition of gliricidia in cactus pear silage provided a linear increasing effect for pH, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), and increased aerobic stability (AS). The highest dry matter recovery was estimated in the silages with 58% gliricidia. Based on the fermentative, chemical composition and silage losses, all the silages tested were adequate. However, considering aerobic stability, the addition of at least 25% gliricidia is recommended to provide the animal a feed with important quality and high nutritional value.Both from the productive point of view of the palm and the conservation of the forage nutritional value, cactus pear ensilage would maximize the use of this forage resource, allowing farmers to create a new alternative for the conservation of feed rich in water and energy 1,2 . Cactus pear silage is even more valued for use in feeding ruminants in arid and semi-arid regions, that according to Souza et al. 3 and Borges et al. 4 the inclusion of cactus silage in the ruminant diet reduce water intake, and decrease human-animal competition for water in arid and semi-arid environments where water resources are limited. Furthermore, cactus pear silage allows harvesting of the entire palm planting, standardizing and increasing the regrowth capacity and hence productivity, besides reducing labour with harvest and periodic supply throughout the dry season.Despite some attributes unfavourable to silage, other characteristics of cactus pear as its bioactive compounds should be considered. The cladodes of the cactus pear are chemically modified structures, composed by chlorophyll and a large percentage of water internally, which exerts the photosynthetic functions of the leaves 5 , as well as the percentage of organic acids found in cladodes, which are oxalic, malic, citric, malonic, succinic and tartaric acid, the latter two being smaller 6 and showing great variation, especially when evaluated in relation to the planting site and cultural practices.Another aspect to be evaluated in the cactus pear ensiling process is related to its percentage of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), since cactus pear is a forage rich in pectic polysaccharides 7 , i.e., esterified sugars with a high concentration of galactose, arabinose, xylose an...

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Condensed tannin-amended cassava silage: fermentation characteristics, degradation kinetics andin-vitrogas production with rumen liquor

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

The Effect of Ensiling on the Nutritional Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Brown Seaweeds as a Ruminant Feed Ingredient

The Effect of Ensiling on the Nutritional Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Brown Seaweeds as a Ruminant Feed Ingredient

Effect of urea on gas and effluent losses, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical compositivo of corn (Zea mays L.) silage

Mixed silages of cactus pear and gliricidia: chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, microbial population and aerobic stability

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