Condensation of an Accelerating-Decelerating Bubble: Experimental and Phenomenological Analysis

Abstract

An experimental and theoretical phenomenological study of accelerating–decelerating bubbles, condensing in an immiscible liquid, was conducted. The system consisted of a column of water, and bubbles of freon-113, 4–5×10−3 m in diameter. Shadowgraphing of the process has illustrated the wake formation behind the bubble, wake shedding, forward movement of vortices, and envelopment of the decelerating bubble in its wake. The bubble size, shape, and path were videotaped and analyzed for the collapse rate, and the instantaneous position. The visualized hydrodynamic phenomena provided a phenomenological basis for the theoretical formulations. The theoretical model postulated an eccentrically positioned vapor sphere in the collapsing bubble, a boundary layer and wake over the accelerating bubble, and a concentric vorticular envelope around the decelerating bubble. The theoretical–phenomenological predictions compared well with experiment.

Visualization study of evaporation of single n-pentane drops in water

“…Kalman et al (1986Kalman et al ( , 1987 also tested a water coloring technique to visualize such wakes. The observations obtained in these visualization studies provided a major basis for the modeling of direct-contact condensation heat transfer by Lerner et al (1987) and Kalman et al (1986). Nosoko et al (1987) applied shadowgraphy and holographic interferometry to the study of the evaporation of discrete lenses of n-pentane liquid floating on the surface of a water pool.…”

“…Lerner et al (1987) and Kalman et al (1986) utilized shadowgraphy to visualize the wakes trailed by collapsing fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon vapor bubbles in water. Kalman et al (1986Kalman et al ( , 1987 also tested a water coloring technique to visualize such wakes.…”

“…In the studies of Lerner et al (1987) and Kalman et al (1986), shadowgrams of ascending bubbles and their wakes were recorded at a low magnification with a stationary cinecamera. Nosoko et al (1987) used a 35-mm motor-driven camera fixed just below the level of the free surface of the water substrate, to record shadowgrams or interferograms of thermal plumes.…”

A new model for the drag coefficient of a swarm of condensing vapour–liquid bubbles in a third immiscible liquid phase

“…Sideman and Hirsch, 1965;Isenberg and Sideman, 1970;Jacobs and Major, 1982;Higeta et al, 1983;Raina et al, 1984;Lerner et al, 1987;Wanchoo, 1993;Mori, 2002 andKalman, 2003) and bubble trains (Sideman and Moalem, 1974;Letan, 1990 andKalman, 2006). More recently, Mahood et al (2014aMahood et al ( , 2014bMahood et al ( , 2015aMahood et al ( , 2015b studied, experimentally and theoretically, the direct contact condensation of a swarm of two-phase bubbles in a three-phase condenser.…”

Transient volumetric heat transfer coefficient prediction of a three-phase direct contact condenser

“…Nevertheless, the direct contact condensation phenomenon of two immiscible fluids, as a basis of the direct contact condenser, has been researched widely since 50 years ago. Most of these studies were concentrated on the heat transfer and hydrodynamics of a single bubble [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and only very few addressed the multibubbles and bubble in train [14,15].…”