A new model for the drag coefficient of a swarm of condensing vapour–liquid bubbles in a third immiscible liquid phase

Experimental measurements and theoretical prediction for the transient characteristic of a two-phase two-component direct contact condenser

“…The low capital cost, due to simple construction materials, low pressure drop, low fouling and relatively high efficiency (about 7% less than the film or packed type condenser), justify putting in more effort to investigate this equipment. Hence, considerable attention has been directed to understanding the condensation phenomena of both a single bubble [3e15] and a train bubbles [16,17] in an immiscible liquid. Among those only Sideman and Moalem [18] has been relevant to the direct contact condensation of multiple-vapour bubbles in an immiscible liquid.…”

Heat transfer measurement in a three-phase direct-contact condenser under flooding conditions

“…Dispersed phase inlet Continuous phase outlet Two-phase bubbles paid to the three-phase direct contact condenser. Although extensive investigations have focused on the phenomenon of a single two-phase bubble [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and bubble swarm [19][20][21][22] condensing in another immiscible liquid, which represents the base that the three-phase direct contact condenser can build on. Only the work of Sideman and Moalem [23] has been found to be directly relevant to a three-phase direct contact condenser.…”

Heat transfer efficiency and capital cost evaluation of a three-phase direct contact heat exchanger for the utilisation of low-grade energy sources

“…In spite of the great potential of the direct contact heat exchanger for use in fields such as energy recovery and renewable energy it is, somewhat surprisingly [8,9], not widely mentioned in the heat transfer handbooks. Much attention has focussed on the simpler problem of the heat transfer and the hydrodynamics in the direct contact condensation of single bubbles [5,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and trains of multiple bubbles [20][21][22]. Only Sideman and Moalem [23] studied, theoretically, the parameters that control the performance of a direct contact three-phase condenser.…”