Concurrent retrograde ejaculation and hypothyroidism in a dog: Case report

Root, Matthew; Johnston, Shirley D.; Olson, P N

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(94)90170-n

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, when it involves a large quantity of spermatozoa, it becomes abnormal. Retrograde ejaculation is relatively common in humans (Yavetz, Yogev, Lessing, Paz, & Hommonnai, 1994), but there have been only a few reports in male dogs (Post, Barth, Kiefer, & Mapletoft, 1992; Root, Johnston, & Olson, 1994). Treatment may be tried with sympathomimetic drugs, but the male dog in our report was neutered directly after diagnosis at the request of the owners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and spermatological findings in male dogs with acquired infertility: A retrospective analysis

Domosławska

Zduńczyk

2020

Andrologia

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A variety of causative factors of infertility in male dogs has been reported. In this study, the results of clinical examination and semen evaluation of 61 infertile stud dogs are described. Infertility was defined as conception failure of at least three matings with different bitches. The dogs, belonged to various breeds, were 4–8 years old and had a history of prior normal fertility. The dogs were subjected to clinical examination including ultrasonography of the prostate and testes. The semen was evaluated using CASA and microscopically morphology and live‐dead spermatozoa. In all dogs, the semen parameters were outside the reference range, and mostly oligoastheno‐teratozoospermia was found. There were also three cases of azoospermia. Thirty dogs showed no clinical abnormalities of the genital organ and no signs of systemic diseases, and testicular degeneration was assumed as the possible cause of infertility. In 20 dogs, BPH was diagnosed. In three dogs, infertility was associated with hypothyroidism. Three dogs had a history of babesiosis, and one dog prolonged ketoconazole treatment. One case each of chronic prostatitis, prostatic adenocarcinoma, epididymitis and retrograde ejaculation was diagnosed. The cause of acquired infertility could not be identified in almost half of the dogs. In other, infertility was often associated with prostate diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and spermatological findings in male dogs with acquired infertility: A retrospective analysis

Domosławska

Zduńczyk

2020

Andrologia

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“…RE has been reported due to congenital malformation of the posterior urethra, spinal trauma, bladder neck surgery, chronic inflammation or can be idiopathic (Yavetz et al , 1994). In dogs, RE has been associated with hypothyroidism (Root et al , 1994) and sedation with xylazine (Dooley et al , 1990). It is theorized that spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis in the current report could be due to formation of a plug in the outflow track causing RE into the urinary bladder and producing coagulation of semen with subsequent urethral obstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrograde ejaculation associated spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis in four rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Gumber

Courtney

Strait

et al. 2013

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology

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Retrograde ejaculation (RE) has been reported in humans and animals but RE with subsequent sperm calculi has rarely been reported. This report documents clinical and pathological findings of spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis in four rhesus macaques. While this condition has been associated with repeated electroejaculation, spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis is highly unusual. The animals presented with either stranguria, dysuria, hematuria, distended abdomen or lethargy. Ultrasound examination revealed several hyperechoic masses within the lumen of the urinary bladder. The animals were euthanized due to poor prognosis or study end points. Postmortem examination revealed multiple angular, amorphous, soft to firm, pale yellow to greenish-brown and variably sized calculi in the lumen of the urinary bladder or prostatic/penile urethra. Histologically, the calculi were composed of numerous sperm embedded in abundant brightly eosinophilic matrix. Based on gross and histologic findings, RE associated sperm cystolithiasis was diagnosed, with ulcerative urethritis as the major primary apparent etiology. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of four spontaneous cases of sperm cystolithiasis in rhesus macaques.

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“…Normal ejaculation may be affected by neuromyopathy because antegrade ejaculation, consisting of seminal emission, bladder neck closure and seminal expulsion through the penile urethra, is controlled by autonomic and somatic nerves [15]. Hypothyroidism has been associated with the clinical features of proximal muscle weakness, mononeuropathy, and sensorimotor polyneuropathy resulted from either disordered Schwann cell metabolism or a disease of axis cylinders with secondary demyelination or remyelination [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe oligozoospermia in a patient with myxedema coma

Komiya

Watanabe

Kawauchi

et al. 2012

Reprod Medicine & Biology

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A case of severe oligozoospermia with myxedema coma is herein presented. The patient was referred to a male infertility clinic with a 5-year history of primary infertility. Decreased serum testosterone and elevated serum prolactin without abnormal MRI findings in the hypothalamus, and decreased semen volume and sperm motility were noted. A GnRH test revealed a decreased luteinizing hormone response, whereas the HCG test showed a normal testosterone increase. Because a urinalysis after ejaculation indicated retrograde ejaculation, imipramine administration was started. However, the semen quality deteriorated, so the patient was referred to an ART clinic. Twenty-one months from the initial visit, the patient developed a loss of consciousness and edema due to myxedema coma, a life-threatening state of hypothyroidism. The patient recovered after 1 month of thyroid hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with corticosteroids. Three months after the myxedema coma, a semen analysis showed a decreased semen volume (0.2 mL) and severe oligozoospermia (two spermatozoa/ejaculate). Elevated prolactin and decreased testosterone levels were still present. These parameters gradually improved after restoration of euthyroidism by HRT. In conclusion, physicians should confirm the thyroid function in the management of male infertility, especially in patients with elevated prolactin levels.

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Concurrent retrograde ejaculation and hypothyroidism in a dog: Case report

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical and spermatological findings in male dogs with acquired infertility: A retrospective analysis

Clinical and spermatological findings in male dogs with acquired infertility: A retrospective analysis

Retrograde ejaculation associated spontaneous sperm cystolithiasis in four rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Severe oligozoospermia in a patient with myxedema coma

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