Concordance of ischemic heart disease in the NHLBI twin study after 14–18 years of follow-up

Reed, Terry; Quiroga, Jose; Selby, Joseph V.; Carmelli, Dorit; Christian, Joe C.; Fabsitz, Richard R.; Grime, Christopher

doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90132-s

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There were 560 DZ pairs originally solicited; of those, 260 participated in the first exam, 183 pairs returned for the second exam, and 129 pairs participated in the third exam. Of the 260 DZ pairs initially examined, 58 individuals in 55 pairs died prior to the third exam (Reed et al, 1993;Reed et al, 1991). Characteristics of participants and non-participants did not significantly differ for either zygosity at any examination .…”

Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Heritability of Longitudinal Measures of Body Mass Index and Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels in Aging Twins

Goode¹,

Cherny

Christian

et al. 2007

Twin Res Hum Genet

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Body-mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels are known to be highly heritable. We evaluated the genetic and environmental relationships of these measures over time in an analysis of twin pairs. Monozygotic (235 pairs) and dizygotic (260 pairs) male twins were participants in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Veteran Twin Study, and were followed with three clinical exams from mean age 48 years to mean age 63 years. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with adjustment forAPOEgenotype (a significant contributor to TC and LDL-C) was used to assess longitudinal patterns of heritability. Results indicated a contribution of genetic factors to BMI, TC, LDL-C, HLD-C, and TG. Modest increases over time were observed in the heritability of BMI (from 0.48 to 0.61), TC (from 0.46 to 0.57), LDL-C (from 0.49 to 0.64), and HDL-C (from 0.50 to 0.62), but this trend was not present for TG. There was a corresponding decrease in shared environmental influences over time for these traits, although shared environment was a significant contributor only for HDL-C. Moreover, we observed that genetic influences for all measures were significantly correlated over time, and we found no evidence of age-specific genetic effects. In summary, longitudinal analyses of twin data indicate that genetic factors do not account for a significant proportion of the variation in age-related changes of BMI or lipid and lipoprotein levels.

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Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Heritability of Longitudinal Measures of Body Mass Index and Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels in Aging Twins

Goode¹,

Cherny

Christian

et al. 2007

Twin Res Hum Genet

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“…24 The design of this longitudinal, multicenter study involving 5 separate US research facilities has been previously described. 24,25 Initial examinations were conducted on 514 intact pairs or 1028 individual subjects who were 43 to 53 years old during the period 1969 -1972. Two follow-up examinations were conducted during 1979 -1980 and 1985-1986 on 792 and 622 individual twin subjects, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final diagnosis of stroke, cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, and angina pectoris was determined by trained medical staff who reviewed the medical records and the physical examination data and uniformly coded these following standard protocols. 25 Prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD) was ascertained on the basis of the surveillance data as well as ECG data. Data on medication use were collected at each examination by presentation of medication vials.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Brain Morphology for the Men of the NHLBI Twin Study

DeCarli

Miller

Swan

et al. 1999

Stroke

206

198

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Background and Purpose-Cross-sectional studies show that cerebrovascular risk factors are associated with increased brain atrophy, accumulation of abnormal cerebral white matter signals, and clinically silent stroke. We extend these findings by examining the relationship between midlife cerebrovascular risk factors and later-life differences in brain atrophy, amount of abnormal white matter, and stroke on MRI. Methods-Subjects were the 414 surviving members of the prospective National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study, who have been examined on 4 separate occasions, spanning the 25 years between 1969 -1973 and 1995-1997. Quantitative measures of brain volume, volume of abnormal white matter signal (WMHI), and volume of stroke, when present, were obtained from those participating in the fourth examination. Results-The meanϮSD age of the subjects was 47.2Ϯ3.0 years at initial examination and 72.5Ϯ2.9 years at final examination. Average blood pressure (BP) levels were normal, although 32% of the subjects had received or were currently taking antihypertensive medications. As a group, 31% had symptomatic cardiovascular disease, 11% had symptomatic cerebrovascular disease, and 8% had symptomatic peripheral vascular disease. Both systolic and diastolic BP levels at initial examination were inversely related to brain volume and positively related to WMHI volume. Multiple regression analysis identified BP-related measures and vascular risk factors as significant predictors of brain and WMHI volumes. In addition, the magnitude of orthostatic BP change was significantly associated with WMHI volume. Subjects with extensive amounts of WMHI had significantly higher systolic BP at the final examination and a higher prevalence of symptomatic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, without significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension treatment. Conclusions-Midlife

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“…37 Furthermore, twin studies were pivotal in showing the effect of genetic variance on cholesterol and its fractions. 38 We have also used the twin model to test this hypothesis.…”

Section: Fats and Thriftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twins in Cardiovascular Genetic Research

Luft

2001

Hypertension

112

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Abstract-Twin studies have been largely responsible for showing the effects of genetic variance on a quantitative trait.The model is based on the fact that monozygotic twins share all genes in common, whereas dizygotic twins are related as siblings and share "on average" half their genes. Environmental confounders are minimized because twin children are usually exposed to similar environments. Blood pressure was first shown to be heritable in a twin study. However, intermediary phenotypes, such as components of the renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic nervous system, renal function, and the facility in excreting electrolytes, are also heritable. The advent of molecular genetics has made twin studies more useful than ever because of the power of quantitative trait loci analyses. Recruitment of the parents of dizygotic twins greatly facilitates this effort. Gene loci linked to blood pressure, intermediate phenotypes, cardiac dimensions, lipid concentrations, and even components of the ECG have been identified. The use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms then allows for novel association approaches within the cohort. Twin studies will continue to gain in importance and utility, particularly in elucidating normal human genetic diversity. Key Words: genes Ⅲ twins Ⅲ genetics Ⅲ polymorphism I n former times, the twin method was regarded as the "royal road" to quantitative genetic analyses in humans. The method was first given a sound foundation by Siemens, 1 who showed that twin subjects are by nature very generous persons and can be recruited from schools, universities, and through public advertisement. He also developed an effective method of zygosity testing to distinguish monozygotic (MZ) from dizygotic (DZ) twins. Finally, he was the first to propose comparing traits in MZ and DZ twins, reasoning that MZ twins share all their genes in common, whereas DZ twins share half their genes, being no more similar genetically than other siblings. 1 However, like MZ twins, DZ twins are born at the same time and are likely to be exposed to similar environmental conditions. The twin method is based on the fact that MZ twins arise from division of one zygote. Thus, they must be genetically identical or "clones" of one another. Any phenotypic difference between the two must be caused by environmental influences. Environment in this view encompasses anything that is not genetically determined. The method assumes that DZ twins are influenced by largely similar environmental differences as MZ twins but have only half their genes in common by descent. This fact makes them ideal control subjects. The reasoning does have limitations. DZ twins may occasionally develop with an anastamosis of blood vessels, which may lead to mutual transfusion of stem cells. Such twins are chimeras with two populations of genetically different cells. Similarly, monochorionic twins, who are always MZ, can differ as the result of arteriovenous anastamoses, leading to relative malnutrition of one of the twins. Another limitation is possible differences betw...

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Concordance of ischemic heart disease in the NHLBI twin study after 14–18 years of follow-up

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Heritability of Longitudinal Measures of Body Mass Index and Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels in Aging Twins

Heritability of Longitudinal Measures of Body Mass Index and Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels in Aging Twins

Predictors of Brain Morphology for the Men of the NHLBI Twin Study

Twins in Cardiovascular Genetic Research

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