Predictors of Brain Morphology for the Men of the NHLBI Twin Study

DeCarli, Charles; Miller, Bruce L.; Swan, Gary E.; Reed, Terry; Wolf, Philip A.; Garner, Jessica R.; Jack, Lisa M.; Carmelli, Dorit

doi:10.1161/01.str.30.3.529

Cited by 206 publications

(207 citation statements)

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“…17 The presence or absence of brain infarction was determined from the size, location, and imaging characteristics of the lesion. 18 SBI was defined as a cavitation on the fluidattenuated inversion recovery sequence of at least 3 mm in size, and distinct from a vessel due to the lack of signal void on T2 sequence, and of equal intensity to CSF. In a pilot reliability study, a total of 15 MRIs were read by 2 physicians to classify SBI (C.S.D., M.Y.).…”

Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower prevalence of silent brain infarcts in the physically active

Willey

Moon²,

Paik³

et al. 2011

Neurology

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Objective: To examine the independent association between physical activity and subclinical cerebrovascular disease as measured by silent brain infarcts (SBI) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). Methods:The Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) is a population-based prospective cohort examining risk factors for incident vascular disease, and a subsample underwent brain MRI. Our primary outcomes were SBI and WMHV. Baseline measures of leisure-time physical activity were collected in person. Physical activity was categorized by quartiles of the metabolic equivalent (MET) score. We used logistic regression models to examine the associations between physical activity and SBI, and linear regression to examine the association with WMHV.Results: There were 1,238 clinically stroke-free participants (mean age 70 Ϯ 9 years) of whom 60% were women, 65% were Hispanic, and 43% reported no physical activity. A total of 197 (16%) participants had SBI. In fully adjusted models, compared to those who did not engage in physical activity, those in the upper quartile of MET scores were almost half as likely to have SBI (adjusted odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.4-0.9). Physical activity was not associated with WMHV. Conclusions:Increased levels of physical activity were associated with a lower risk of SBI but not WMHV. Engaging in moderate to heavy physical activities may be an important component of prevention strategies aimed at reducing subclinical brain infarcts. Neurology ® 2011;76:2112-2118 GLOSSARY BMI ϭ body mass index; CI ϭ confidence interval; HOMA ϭ homeostatic model assessment; MET ϭ metabolic equivalent; NOMAS ϭ Northern Manhattan Study; OR ϭ odds ratio; SBI ϭ silent brain infarcts; SCVD ϭ subclinical cerebrovascular disease; WMH ϭ white matter hyperintensity; WMHV ϭ white matter hyperintensity volume.Subclinical cerebrovascular disease (SCVD), as manifested by subclinical brain infarcts (SBI) or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) visualized on MRI, is common in the elderly. SCVD has significant public health impact as it has been associated with impaired mobility and falls, 1,2 cognitive dysfunction and dementia, 3,4 and incident ischemic stroke. 5Many of the risk factors for clinically apparent ischemic stroke are also associated with SCVD.2,6 Physical activity is a component of the guidelines for ideal cardiovascular health, which advise at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity, or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity. 7 Physical activity has been associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke in the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) and others independently of other vascular disease risk factors. 8,9 There has been little literature on the association between physical activity and SCVD, 10,11 and few studies have included Hispanics. The purpose of this study is to examine the independent association between measures of physical activity and SCVD. We hypothee-Pub ahead of print on June 8, 2011, at www.neurology.org. From the Departments of Neurology (J.Z.W., Y.P.M., M.S.V.E...

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Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower prevalence of silent brain infarcts in the physically active

Willey

Moon²,

Paik³

et al. 2011

Neurology

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“…Yet, to date few studies have examined the simultaneous relationships among cardiac output, blood pressure, and systemic hemodynamic function and measures of brain function and structure. Past studies have investigated these relationships primarily by examining the prevalence of specific risk factors in an epidemiological context (Claus et al, 1996;DeCarli et al, 1999;de Leeuw et al, 2004;Vermeer et al, 2003). Most elderly people with cardiovascular disease have a variety of underlying risk and etiological factors (Martins e Silva & Saldanha, 2007;Terry et al, 2005;Tranche, Galgo, Mundet, & Sanchez-Zamorano, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vascular and cognitive functions associated with cardiovascular disease in the elderly

Cohen

Poppas

Forman

et al. 2008

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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This study examines the relationship between systemic vascular function, neurocognitive performance, and structural brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among geriatric outpatients with treated, stable cardiovascular disease and no history of neurological illness (n = 88, ages 56-85 years). Vascular function was assessed by cardiac ejection fraction and output, sequential systolic and diastolic blood pressures, flow mediated brachial artery reactivity (BAR), and carotid intima media thickness (IMT). White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI were quantified and examined relative to cognitive and vascular function. Principal component analysis revealed two primary vascular components: one associated with cardiac function, the other with atherosclerotic burden/endothelial dysfunction. Both factors were significantly associated with cognitive function and WMH volume. Reduced systolic variability and increased IMT were most strongly related to reduced attention, executive function, and information-processing speed. These findings suggest the possibility that systemic vascular indices may provide proxy measures of cerebrovascular dysfunction and reinforce the importance of achieving greater understanding of interaction between systemic vascular disease and brain dysfunction among elderly people with cardiovascular disease.Address correspondence to Ronald A. Cohen, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The CORO Building, 5th Floor, One Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA (RCohen@lifespan.org). Vascular cognitive impairments (VCI) occur on a continuum ranging from mild deficits among patients with vascular risk factors such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) to the severe cognitive dysfunction characteristic of vascular dementia (Bowler, Steenhuis, & Hachinski, 1999;Rockwood, 2002;Roman, Erkinjuntti, Wallin, Pantoni, & Chui, 2002). Cardiovascular disease was once thought to convey little risk to the brain given its capacity for vascular autoregulation and sustained cerebral perfusion even under adverse hemodynamic conditions (Lassen, 1964). Brain dysfunction secondary to cardiovascular disease was usually attributed to acute stroke during cardiac surgery (Newman et al., 2001), or in response to cardiac events (e.g., arrhythmia). Yet, patients with severe cardiovascular disease frequently exhibit cognitive problems in the absence of clinically identified stroke (Moser et al., 1999;Paul et al., 2005), particularly in cases of heart failure (Bennett & Sauve, 2003;Bornstein, Starling, Myerowitz, & Haas, 1995), presumably reflecting the impact of reduced cardiac function on the aging brain (Roman, 2004). We have previously shown that both cognitive dysfunction and structural brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with reduced cardiac output among patients with severe cardiovascular disease (Jefferson, Poppas, Paul, & Cohen, 2007a;Jefferson et al., 2007b) and abnormalities of systemic vascular function (Gunstad et al., 2006a;Gunstad et al., 2005;Gunstad e...

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“…The cerebral atrophy refers to a decrease of the brain in weight and/or volume ;or still in an increase in the difference between the volume of the brain and the ability cranial, including the volume of the cerebrospinal fluid [1].Several studies found that the age is associated with the cerebral atrophy [1][2][3][4].In effect, it is known that a high blood pressure increases the risk of vascular lesions in the brain [5][6][7].The obviousness of the relationship between blood pressure and cerebral atrophy is less clear but some studies reveal that a high blood pressure during the period of the average age of the life (midlife) drives to cerebral atrophy later [8][9]. In our environment, there is no data relating to the cerebral atrophy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Atrophy and High Blood Pressure in a Population of Industrial Guards: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2016

ijnd

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Summary:The cerebral atrophy refers to a decrease of the brain in weight and/or volume. It is a common feature of most of the diseases affecting the brain. The authors report a series of 5 cases of cerebral atrophy in the field of HTA in the Congolese population of industrial guards. The aim is to describe the pathology, and attract the attention of the scientific opinion to put extensive studies in order to understand the occurrence of this pathology.

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Predictors of Brain Morphology for the Men of the NHLBI Twin Study

Cited by 206 publications

References 58 publications

Lower prevalence of silent brain infarcts in the physically active

Lower prevalence of silent brain infarcts in the physically active

Vascular and cognitive functions associated with cardiovascular disease in the elderly

Cerebral Atrophy and High Blood Pressure in a Population of Industrial Guards: Case Report and Review of the Literature

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