Concordance between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) and Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit-Adult (CAT-A) over-reporting validity scales for detecting invalid ADHD symptom reporting

Cross-Validation of Multiple WAIS-IV Digit Span Embedded Performance Validity Indices Among a Large Sample of Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Referrals

“…All patients received a detailed and multimodal assessment to determine if they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5; APA, 2013) criteria for ADHD. This workup included: 1) a thorough chart/record review (including previous testing and academic records, if available); 2) a semi-structured clinical interview that assessed DSM-5 criteria and concomitant mental disorders, as well psychosocial and developmental history; 3) the Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit-Adult; (CAT-A; Bracken & Boatwright, 2005), an inventory of childhood and adulthood ADHD symptoms with embedded symptom validity scales (Leib et al, 2021; White, Ovsiew, et al, 2020); 4) a uniform, comprehensive neuropsychological test battery; and 5) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Second Edition-Restructured Form (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008).…”

“…ADHD is also highly heterogeneous in terms of associated cognitive sequelae (e.g., Pievsky & McGrath, 2018), thereby leading to variability in neuropsychological performance and difficulty establishing standards for adequate test engagement and the presence of self-reported symptoms, particularly in adults (Barkley et al, 2011; Faraone et al, 2004; Suhr et al, 2008). Prior research reported high bases rate of performance invalidity (i.e., 20–50%; Martin & Schroeder, 2020; Suhr et al, 2008; Sullivan et al, 2007) and exaggerated symptom reporting (e.g., 21%; Leib et al, 2021) among adults referred for ADHD evaluation. These findings underscore the importance of performance validity testing in this population (Hirsch & Christiansen, 2018; Marshall et al, 2010; Resch et al, 2021), mirroring more general practice standards calling for routine administration of performance validity tests (PVTs) during all neuropsychological evaluations (Sweet et al, 2021).…”

A comparison of embedded validity indicators from the Stroop Color and Word Test among adults referred for clinical evaluation of suspected or confirmed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

“…Neuropsychologists frequently receive referrals to assist with diagnostic clarification and treatment planning of adults with suspected attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). High rates of invalid neuropsychological test performance have been found among adults presenting for ADHD evaluation based on both empirical studies (i.e., 9%–50%; Leib et al, 2021; Marshall et al, 2016; Suhr et al, 2008; Sullivan et al, 2007; White et al, 2022) as well as surveys of practicing clinical neuropsychologists (i.e., 20%; Martin & Schroeder, 2020). This is somewhat unsurprising given the multiple potential external incentives associated with an ADHD diagnosis, including access to psychostimulant medications, academic and occupational accommodations, and standardized testing accommodations (Suhr & Berry, 2017).…”

Future Directions in Performance Validity Assessment to Optimize Detection of Invalid Neuropsychological Test Performance: Special Issue Introduction

“…In a related vein, the relationship between performance validity and symptom validity must continue to be clarified across diverse clinical populations. Notably, it is established that symptom validity and performance validity are separate constructs with varying degrees of interrelatedness depending on the clinical population (Gervais et al, 2007;Larrabee, 2012;Leib et al, 2021;White et al, 2020aWhite et al, , 2020b. In this issue, Shura et al (2021) further expanded the current understanding of how symptom and performance validity are dissociable in veteran populations with mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder.…”