Concise Review: Embryonic Stem Cells Versus Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Game Is On

Abstract

Extraordinary advances in pluripotent stem cell research have initiated an era of hope for regenerative strategies to treat human disease. Besides embryonic stem cells, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells widened the possibility of patient-specific cell therapy, drug discovery, and disease modeling. Although similar, it has become clear that these two pluripotent cell types display significant differences. In this review, we explore current knowledge of the molecular and functional similarities and differences between these two cell types to emphasize the necessity for thorough characterization of their properties as well as their differentiation capabilities in the pluripotent state. Such comparative studies will be crucial for determining the more suitable cell type for future stem cell-based therapies for human degenerative diseases. STEM CELLS

Bioimpressão e produção de mini-órgãos com células tronco

“…Em iPSCs, a formação de teratoma tem sido associada com a presença de células indiferenciadas residuais. A remoção dessas células indiferenciadas antes da implantação pode melhorar o resultado (Miura et al 2009, Puri & Nagy 2012. O uso de iPSCs também está associado à geração de carcinoma, devido à integração genô-mica de um lenti vírus, no entanto, versões mais seguras de iPSC sem vírus estão sendo desenvolvidos para torná-los uma opção futura para a medicina regenerativa.…”

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“…Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the early embryo (Blair et al, 2011). Those cells are known to be capable of self-renew indefinitely and differentiate all cell types (Puri et al, 2012). The transplant proceeds in vivo after pre-differentiation in vitro (Hendricks et al, 2006).…”

Advances in stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury

“…Puri and Nagy recently compared ES cells and iPSCs (109). iPSCs share many key properties with ES cells, including morphology, pluripotency, self renewal, and gene expression.…”

“…iPSCs share many key properties with ES cells, including morphology, pluripotency, self renewal, and gene expression. During expansion and prolonged passage, human ES cell lines frequently acquire abnormal karyotypes and genetic amplification associated with oncogenic transformation, which is also the case with iPSC lines (109). One of the main problems with generation of iPSCs is the expression of reprogramming factors associated with teratoma formation (110).…”