Concise Review: Avian Multipotent Stem Cells as a Novel Tool for Investigating Cell-Based Therapies

Abstract

The chick embryo is a favorite and great in vivo model, which has long been used in embryology, developmental biology and applied sciences. Also, chicken embryo is the accessible model for transplantation and tracking studies. Avian multipotent stem cells have the capability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell types in vitro. Avian multipotent stem cells were successfully isolated from bone marrow (BM), metanephric tissue, lung, amniotic cells, cartilage, and other embryonic and adult tissues. Subsequent analysis was performed to evaluate these multipotent cells in vitro. Results of the present study strongly contribute to the information related to the ability of avian multipotent stem cells to differentiate into cells such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, astrocytes, and other committed cells. Avian multipotent stem cells may provide a new source of avian-derived cell lines for basic research and potential therapeutic applications.

Effects of various culture conditions on pluripotent stem cell derivation from chick embryos

“…Avian embryos are a powerful model for a wide range of investigations in the field of developmental and stem cell biology, and applied bio‐sciences . Chicken pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), primordial germ cells (PGCs), and embryonic germ cells (EGCs) are considered convenient platforms for production of recombinant proteins and vaccines . Although the highly efficient method for derivation and long‐term maintenance of PSCs in rodents and primates, including humans, has been established in last decades, reproducible continuing in vitro maintenance of embryo‐derived PSCs from economically valuable animals, such as chicken strains, remains a serious challenge .…”

“…[1][2][3] Chicken pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), primordial germ cells (PGCs), and embryonic germ cells (EGCs) are considered convenient platforms for production of recombinant proteins and vaccines. 4,5 Although the highly efficient method for derivation and long-term maintenance of PSCs in rodents and primates, including humans, has been established in last decades, reproducible continuing in vitro maintenance of embryo-derived PSCs from economically valuable animals, such as chicken strains, remains a serious challenge. 6 Hitherto, various culture media, different feeder layers or their conditioned media, various growth factors, different types of serum, and the use of different chick strains have been evaluated for derivation and long-term maintenance of chick PSCs.…”

The evolution of chicken stem cell culture methods

“…The first chicken stem cells were derived from blastodermal cells (BCs) of fertilised eggs at embryonic stage X and were designated as chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs) (Pain et al 1996;Intarapat and Stern 2013). Since the establishment of the first cESCs, rapid progress has been made and several groups have described the derivation and culture of chicken stem cells from various developmental stages (Petitte et al 2004;;Jung et al 2007;Motono et al 2008;Trefil et al 2012;Bednarczyk 2014;Farzaneh et al 2017a) . The second population of in vitro chicken stem cells, named embryonic germ cells (EGCs), were derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) (Park and Han 2000;Guan et al 2010).…”

“…Chicken stem cells with self-renewal capacity can be propagated in culture indefinitely and have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types representing all primitive embryonic germ layers (Lavial and Pain 2010;Intarapat and Stern 2013). Chicken stem cells have provided an ideal opportunity for generating cell-based transgenic birds (Han et al 2015;Farzaneh et al 2017a) and a powerful source of cells for vaccine production for poultry and human viral diseases. Moreover, they provide insight into basic science including cell tracking, as well as drug and cytotoxicity testing (Aubrit et al 2015;Gallo-Ramírez et al 2015;Genzel 2015).…”

Novel insight into tricephalic white leghorn strain of Gallus gallus chicken embryo

“…Avian are a good model for in-vitro and in-ovo research. [1][2][3][4][5] Two-headed (bicephalia) and three-headed (tricephalia) or polycephalia animals are the only type of multi-headed creatures seen in the environment. 6,7 These abnormalities form by the same process that leads two or three heads joined directly to each other.…”