The evolution of chicken stem cell culture methods

Abstract

1. The avian embryo is an excellent model for studying embryology and the production of pharmaceutical proteins in transgenic chickens. Furthermore, chicken stem cells have the potential for proliferation and differentiation and emerged as an attractive tool for various cell-based technologies. 2. The objective of these studies is the derivation and culture of these stem cells is the production of transgenic birds for recombinant biomaterials and vaccine manufacture, drug and cytotoxicity testing, as well as to gain insight into basic science, including cell tracking. 3. Despite similarities among the established chicken stem cell lines, fundamental differences have been reported between their culture conditions and applications. Recent conventional protocols used for expansion and culture of chicken stem cells mostly depend on feeder cells, serum-containing media and static culture. 4. Utilising chicken stem cells for generation of cell-based transgenic birds and a variety of vaccines requires large-scale cell production. However, scaling up the conventional adherent chicken stem cells is challenging and labour intensive. Development of a suspension cell culture process for chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs), chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) and chicken induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs) will be an important advance for increasing the growth kinetics of these cells. 6. This review describes various approaches and suggestions to achieve optimal cell growth for defined chicken stem cells cultures and use in future manufacturing applications.

Effects of various culture conditions on pluripotent stem cell derivation from chick embryos

“…Next, we used MEF instead of CEF for EGC derivation in N2B27/R2i + LIF medium. Along with previous studies, [29][30][31] we observed that while MEF played a positive role in derivation of ESCs from blastodermal cells, it was not beneficial for the culture of EGCs. CEF was one of the best substrates that could be used for chicken EGC expansion and proliferation of PGCs.…”

Muscle tissue engineering in fibrous gelatin: implications for meat analogs

“…Further studies of gelatin fiber aggregation are warranted, given prior successes using aggregates for high-yield suspension culture of adherent cells. 6,39–41 These include scalable systems with serum-free defined media for embryonic stem cell expansion in aggregate, 39 pluripotent stem cell expansion in spinner flasks with differentiation to >90% cardiomyocyte purity, 40 suspension culture of chicken stem cells, 6 as well as strategies that increase adherent single-cell survival efficiency, growth rates, and yield. 41 In our work, the main fiber properties that promoted aggregation were as follows: (i) they resisted degradation in culture for sufficient periods to support cell adhesion and aggregation (~3–14 days) and (ii) fiber length was small compared with aggregate diameter (~50–200 μm).…”

“…This is important, because meat consists of muscle, fat, and connective tissues proportioned according to tissue source, 4 each containing a diverse array of nutrients produced by constituent cells. Cell types composing meat can be cultured in vitro 5,6 but production scale-up is limited by the anchorage dependence of these cells, which require attachment to culture substrates for survival, proliferation, and maturation. 7 This requirement is especially stringent for muscle maturation, where alignment of densely packed muscle fibers is observed.…”

A Brief Concept of Cell Culture: Challenges, Prospects and Applications

“…Besides, chicken stem cells have given a perfect opportunity for producing cell-based transgenic birds and a powerful source of cells for vaccine production for poultry and human viral diseases. Besides, they give knowledge into fundamental science namely drug sensitivity testing, cell tracking and cytotoxicity testing [1]. However, various important virus or viral diseases have never been explored at a cellular level so that cell culture technology is still in an early stage of its potential progress.…”