“…Because we anticipated that the demands of reading comprehension would change developmentally (Adlof, Perfetti, & Catts, 2011;Afflerbach, Cho, & Kim, 2015), we sampled elementary, middle, and high school children. Specifically, a series of studies has shown that the relation between listening comprehension and reading comprehension increases over time, particularly in later elementary school, as the texts that are read and the questions asked about those texts become increasingly complex (e.g., Catts, Adolf, Hogan, & Weismer, 2005;Diakidoy, Stylianou, Karefillidou, & Papageorgiou, 2005;Vellutino, Tunmer, Jaccard, & Chen, 2007).…”