“…Such benefi ts include strengthening social skills, enhancing potential development, upgrading self-esteem, being inspired on life meaning and future goals. With both the strength-based and developmental approaches, the youth ' s functionally valued behaviors such as competence, confi dence, character, connection, caring, compassion and contribution (39,41) can thrive together with the ultimate goal of strengthening their resilience. The social identity theory (42) , social learning theory and contact theory (43 -45) , Erikson ' s stage theory (46) of identity versus role confusion and intimacy versus isolation, and developmental systems theories (41) are some of the theories that can support this theoretical inference.…”