Conceptual Framework about Tokenism Phenomenon in Organizations

Professional success of men in the nursing workforce: An integrative review

“…Nevertheless, negative aspects of being a member of a minority group in the workplace continue to be reported (Yilmaz & Dalkilic, 2019). For instance, in a recent study analysing 2,718 job listings from 441 firms, both men and women were disadvantaged if they were competing for jobs stereotypically associated with the opposite gender (Campero & Fernandez, 2018).…”

“…As a minority group in the nursing workforce, men would be disadvantaged due to increased visibility, which can lead to performance pressure and heightened scrutiny in a workforce dominated by women (Yilmaz & Dalkilic, 2019). To understand if men experience the glass escalator effects as originally proposed by Williams (1992) or experience professional disadvantages as a minority in a women-dominated workforce (Campero & Fernandez, 2018;Yilmaz & Dalkilic, 2019), it is essential to undertake a comprehensive review of the literature of the professional success of men in nursing.…”

“…Within the nursing workforce, men continue to be a minority, constituting 9% in Canada (Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2020), 12.6% in the United States (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021), 10.7% in the United Kingdom (Nursing & Midwifery Council, 2020) and 12.1% in Australia (Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, 2020). As a minority group in the nursing workforce, men would be disadvantaged due to increased visibility, which can lead to performance pressure and heightened scrutiny in a workforce dominated by women (Yilmaz & Dalkilic, 2019). To understand if men experience the glass escalator effects as originally proposed by Williams (1992) or experience professional disadvantages as a minority in a women-dominated workforce (Campero & Fernandez, 2018;Yilmaz & Dalkilic, 2019), it is essential to undertake a comprehensive review of the literature of the professional success of men in nursing.…”

Hurting all the way: The emotional antecedent and consequence of social rejection

“…Scholars have shown that women tend to denigrate one another due to limited opportunities for upward mobility in their organizations (Parks-Stamm et al, 2008;Derks et al, 2011;Derks et al, 2016;Haas et al, 2016;Arvate et al, 2018). Also, women are reported to contrast to envied targets by distancing themselves from similar others rather than male peers (Elmagrhi et al, 2019;Kurt Yilmaz and Surgevil Dalkilic, 2019). We extend the current gender research field by discovering that women tend to be more selfisolated from social interactions than their male counterparts.…”