Conceptual design of an integrated thermally self-sustained methanol steam reformer – High-temperature PEM fuel cell stack manportable power generator

Lotrič, Andrej; Sekavčnik, Mihael; Pohar, Andrej; Likozar, Blaž; Hočevar, Stanko

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.05.057

Cited by 46 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This also suggests the possibility of the thermal sustainability of the cell that would allow maintenance of the operation temperature in practical applications. 36 Figure 6d also shows that hydrogen was produced in proportion to the current density and that the rate recorded at each current density was approximately 100% of that calculated using Faraday's law. These results, together with the results obtained for the batch cell, demonstrate that the biomass feedstocks examined could be electrolyzed efficiently and continuously in one step to hydrogen.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Efficient Hydrogen Production by Direct Electrolysis of Waste Biomass at Intermediate Temperatures

Hibino

Kobayashi

Ito

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Biomass has been considered as an alternative feedstock for energy and material supply. However, the lack of high-efficiency and low-cost processes for biomass utilization and conversion hinders its large-scale application. This report describes electrochemical hydrogen production from waste biomass that does not require large amounts of energy or high production costs. Hydrogen was produced by the electrolysis of bread residue, cypress sawdust, and rice chaff at an onset cell voltage of ca. 0.3 V, with high current efficiencies of approximately 100% for hydrogen production at the cathode and approximately 90% for carbon dioxide production at the anode. The hydrogen yields per 1 mg of the raw material were 0.1−0.2 mg for all tested fuels. Electrolysis proceeded continuously at plateau voltages that were proportional to the current. These characteristics were attributable to the high catalytic activity of the carbonyl-group functionalized mesoporous carbon for the anode reaction, and that the major components of biomass such as cellulose, starch, lignin, protein, and lipid were effectively utilized as fuels for hydrogen production.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Efficient Hydrogen Production by Direct Electrolysis of Waste Biomass at Intermediate Temperatures

Hibino

Kobayashi

Ito

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Copper-based catalysts have very good low-temperature catalytic activity. They are usually used for Water−Gas Shift (WGS) reaction and CO oxidation reactions or other low-temperature reactions, but they are prone to severe sintering at high temperatures [17][18][19][20]. Ni is a non-precious metal with the ability to break C-C bonds and C-H bonds which can be used commercially as an active component for hydrogen production from shale gas and alcohol reforming [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Metal–Support Interaction and Electronic Effect Induced by Calcination Temperature Regulation and Their Effect on the Catalytic Performance of Glycerol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Steam reforming of glycerol to produce hydrogen is considered to be the very promising strategy to generate clean and renewable energy. The incipient-wetness impregnation method was used to load Ni on the reducible carrier TiO2 (P25). In the process of catalyst preparation, the interaction and electronic effect between metal Ni and support TiO2 were adjusted by changing the calcination temperature, and then the activity and hydrogen production of glycerol steam reforming reaction (GSR) was explored. A series of modern characterizations including XRD, UV-vis DRS, BET, XPS, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, TG, and Raman have been applied to systematically characterize the catalysts. The characterization results showed that the calcination temperature can contribute to varying degrees of influences on the acidity and basicity of the Ni/TiO2 catalyst, the specific surface area, together with the interaction force between Ni and the support. When the Ni/TiO2 catalyst was calcined at 600 °C, the Ni species can be produced in the form of granular NiTiO3 spinel. Consequently, due to the moderate metal–support interaction and electronic activity formed between the Ni species and the reducible support TiO2 in the NiO/Ti-600C catalyst, the granular NiTiO3 spinel can be reduced to a smaller Ni0 at a lower temperature, and thus to exhibit the best catalytic performance.

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“…Pan et al designed an indirect IRMFC with direct thermal contact of MSR and a two‐cell stack (10 cm × 10 cm) based on PA/PBI membranes, as shown in Figure . [21b] The elimination of the heat exchanger results in direct heat transfer between the electrode outlet gas and the MSR . However, due to the low operation temperature of fuel cell, MSR cannot be operated at temperautres exceeding 200 °C.…”

Section: Development Of the Fuel Cell – Msr Integrated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells for Integrated Fuel Cell – Methanol Reformer Power Systems: A Critical Review

Zhang

Xiang

et al. 2018

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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be generally divided into low temperature fuel cells such as alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) and high temperature fuel cells such as molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Due to their high power-output, fast start-up/shut-down cycles and continuous power supply mode, PEMFCs are particularly applicable as energy sources in portable electronic devices, communication and transportation applications. [1] The core component of PEMFCs is the membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA), which consists of a proton conducting polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) sandwiched between anode and cathode catalyst layer. In the case of hydrogen fuel, H 2 is oxidized at the anode and protons are transported through the PEM to the cathode. At the cathode, protons are combined with electrons flew through external circuit, reducing ambient oxygen to water. The operation principle of a PEMFC is illustrated in Figure 1. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes such as Nafion are the most common and successful PEMs for low temperature PEMFCs (i.e., operation at 80 °C or below) and possess a high acidity, high conductivity (e.g., for Nafion 117, conductivity can be as high as ∼0.1 S cm -1 at 30 °C and 100% relative humidity [2] ), and high chemical and structural stability. [3] However, Nafion membrane must be fully hydrated in order to have the high proton conductivity and the stable operation of Nafion membrane based fuel cells because its proton conductivity decreases rapidly with the decrease in relative humidity (RH). [4] Thereby, the operation temperatures are limited to 80 °C or below under ambient pressure in order to maintain a high water content in the membrane. As proton transport requires an aqueous medium or water to maintain the high conductivity, water management is critical for the stable operation of Nafion based PEMFCs. In the case of transportation applications, water-based PEMFC stacks also require adequate heat management, e.g., large radiators/heat exchangers to extract the heat. Another critical issue for PFSA membrane based PEMFCs is the requirement of high purity H 2 as the Pt based electrocatalysts shows a very low resistance to the fuel The development of reliable power sources is important for the continuous operation of various electric equipment in unmanned aircraft and the field environment. Currently electric power delivery to such systems is mainly by battery packs. An alternative is to use fuel cells (FCs). FCs are electrochemical devices that are used to convert chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen and methanol to electricity. Methanol is an attractive fuel because it is liquid at ambient temperature, has a much higher energy density than hydrogen and low reforming temperature (220-300 °C). Thus, integration of methanol steam reformers (MSRs) with FCs makes it possible to continuously produce electricity. The key challenge in such power system is the development of fuel cells which can be effe...

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Conceptual design of an integrated thermally self-sustained methanol steam reformer – High-temperature PEM fuel cell stack manportable power generator

Cited by 46 publications

References 42 publications

Efficient Hydrogen Production by Direct Electrolysis of Waste Biomass at Intermediate Temperatures

Efficient Hydrogen Production by Direct Electrolysis of Waste Biomass at Intermediate Temperatures

Study of the Metal–Support Interaction and Electronic Effect Induced by Calcination Temperature Regulation and Their Effect on the Catalytic Performance of Glycerol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production

High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells for Integrated Fuel Cell – Methanol Reformer Power Systems: A Critical Review

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