“…Mobile robots, classified according to their operational domains: ground (Unmanned Ground Vehicles, UGVs), aerial (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAVs), aquatic—submersible (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, AUVs), and surface-based (Unmanned Surface Vehicles, USVs) [ 8 ], have extended their applicability beyond traditional settings, adeptly adapting to intricate terrains and even modifying their morphology and locomotion to optimize efficiency [ 9 ]. The 1980s marked a turning point with the introduction of dynamic locomotion in robots, significantly advanced by research at Tokyo University and MIT’s LegLab [ 10 , 11 ]. The field further evolved with Honda’s P2 humanoid in the 1990s, demonstrating greater versatility and leading to broader commercial and research interest.…”